Mishneh Torah — Diverse Species (Kilayim) הלכות כלאים, Chapter 5

הַזּוֹרֵעַ שְׁנֵי מִינֵי תְּבוּאָה אוֹ שְׁנֵי מִינֵי יְרָקוֹת עִם זֶרַע הַכֶּרֶם הֲרֵי זֶה לוֹקֶה שְׁתַּיִם. אַחַת מִשּׁוּם (ויקרא יט יט) "שָׂדְךָ לֹא תִזְרַע כִּלְאָיִם" וְאַחַת מִשּׁוּם (דברים כב ט) "לֹא תִזְרַע כַּרְמְךָ כִּלְאָיִם":

When a person sows two types of grain or two types of vegetables - in a vineyard, i.e., together with grape seeds (Radbaz). together with [grape] seeds, he is liable for two sets of lashes:). one for [violating the prohibition (Leviticus 19:19 ]: "You shall not sow your field with mixed species," and one for [violating the prohibition (Deuteronomy 22:9 ]: (negative commandment 216) and Sefer HaChinuch (mitzvah 548). "You shall not sow your vineyard with mixed species."

וְאֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה מִשּׁוּם זוֹרֵעַ כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם עַד שֶׁיִּזְרַע בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל חִטָּה וּשְׂעוֹרָה וְחַרְצָן בְּמַפּלֶת יָד. וְכֵן אִם חִפָּה אוֹתָם בְּעָפָר לוֹקֶה. וְכֵן אִם זָרַע שְׁנֵי מִינֵי יָרָק וְחַרְצָן אוֹ זֶרַע אֶחָד יָרָק וְזֶרַע אֶחָד מִין תְּבוּאָה וְחַרְצָן בְּמַפּלֶת יָד הֲרֵי זֶה לוֹקֶה:

A person does not receive lashes for sowing kilayim in a vineyard unless he sows a handful of wheat, barley, and grape seed in Eretz Yisrael. that applies with regard to crops in the Diaspora is the prohibition against grafting different species of trees. The prohibition against mixed crops, like all the other laws concerning the crops of Eretz Yisrael, do not apply in the Diaspora. Similarly, one who covers such seeds with earth is worthy of lashes. And one who sows two types of vegetable seeds or a vegetable seed, a grain seed, and a grape seed from one hand is worthy of lashes.

וְאֵינוֹ חַיָּב מִן הַתּוֹרָה אֶלָּא עַל קַנְבּוֹס וְלוּף וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן מִזְּרָעִים שֶׁנִּגְמָרִים עִם תְּבוּאַת הַכֶּרֶם אֲבָל שְׁאָר הַזְּרָעִים אֲסוּרִים מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם. וְכֵן אָסוּר מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם לִזְרֹעַ כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ:

He is not liable according to Scriptural Law unless [he sows] hemp and wild onions or the like from seeds that will mature together with the produce of the vineyard. 2:5), the Rambam writes that he does not see how it is possible for there to be a vegetable plant that does not produce fruit for three years. That is a common phenomenon for trees and vines, but not for vegetables. He writes that these species of vegetables do remain in the ground for several years and continue to produce fruit and that appears to be the Rambam's intent. Other types of seeds are forbidden according to Rabbinic decree. Similarly, according to Rabbinic decree, it is forbidden to sow kilayim in a vineyard in the Diaspora.

וְלָמָּה אָסְרוּ כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם [בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ וְלֹא אָסְרוּ כִּלְאֵי זְרָעִים] מִפְּנֵי שֶׁכִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם חֲמוּרִין הֵם שֶׁאִם נִזְרְעוּ בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הֲרֵי הֵן אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה וְכֵיוָן שֶׁהֵן אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה בָּאָרֶץ אָסְרוּ לְזָרְעָן בְּחוּצָה לָאָרֶץ:

Why did [the Sages] forbid planting mixed species in a vineyard in the Diaspora, but not mixed species in a field? Because [the prohibition against] mixed species in a vineyard is more severe. For if they were to be sown in Eretz Yisrael, it would be forbidden to benefit from them. 10:6, Deuteronomy 22:9 states: ...Lest the fullness of the seed which you sowed and the produce of the vineyard become hallowed.' ['Becom[ing] hallowed'] means being set apart and forbidden."In contrast, mixed species in the field are forbidden to be eaten, but it is permitted to benefit from them, as stated in Chapter 1, Halachah 7. Since it is forbidden to benefit from them in Eretz Yisrael, it is forbidden to sow them in the Diaspora.

וְאֵין עוֹדְרִין עִם הַנָּכְרִי בְּכִלְאַיִם אֲבָל עוֹקְרִין עִמּוֹ כְּדֵי לְמַעֵט הַתִּפְלָה:

We may not hoe with a gentile with mixed produce, but one may uproot the produce with him in order to eliminate the undesirable substances.

אֵין אָסוּר מִשּׁוּם כִּלְאֵי הַכֶּרֶם אֶלָּא מִינֵי תְּבוּאָה וּמִינֵי יְרָקוֹת בִּלְבַד. אֲבָל שְׁאָר מִינֵי זְרָעִים מֻתָּר לְזָרְעָם בְּכֶרֶם וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שְׁאָר אִילָנוֹת:

The prohibition against mixed species in a vineyard applies only to species of grain and species of vegetables. Other types of plants,). See Halachah 19 for illustrations of this principle. by contrast, are permitted to be sown in a vineyard. Needless to say, [this applies with regard] to other trees.

אָסוּר לִזְרֹעַ יְרָקוֹת אוֹ תְּבוּאָה בְּצַד הַגְּפָנִים אוֹ לִטַּע גֶּפֶן בְּצַד הַיָּרָק אוֹ תְּבוּאָה. וְאִם עָשָׂה כֵּן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ לוֹקֶה הֲרֵי זֶה קִדֵּשׁ וְנֶאֶסְרוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם בַּהֲנָאָה הַיָּרָק אוֹ הַתְּבוּאָה אוֹ הַגְּפָנִים. וְשׂוֹרְפִין אֶת שְׁנֵיהֶן שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כב ט) "פֶּן תִּקְדַּשׁ הַמְלֵאָה הַזֶּרַע". וַאֲפִלּוּ הַקַּשׁ שֶׁל תְּבוּאָה וְהָעֵצִים שֶׁל גְּפָנִים הָאֵלּוּ אֲסוּרִין בַּהֲנָאָה וְשׂוֹרְפִין אוֹתָם וְלֹא יַסִּיק בָּהֶן תַּנּוּר וְכִירַיִם וְלֹא יְבַשֵּׁל בָּהֶם בְּעֵת שְׂרֵפָתָן:

It is forbidden to sow vegetables or grain next to vines or to plant a vine next to vegetables or grain. (Yoreh De'ah 296) states that the Rambam's wording implies that only one species of vegetable or grain is present. Although Halachah 1 states that to be liable for lashes, he must sow two mixed species together, a prohibition is involved when even one is present. If one does this, although he is not liable for lashes, [the produce] is hallowed and it is forbidden to benefit from both the grain or vegetables and the vines. They must both be burnt, as [Deuteronomy 22:9] states: "Lest the fullness of the seed... become hallowed."It is forbidden to benefit from even the straw of this grain and the wood from these vines. They must be burnt. One should not use them as fuel for an oven 26a). or a range and one should not [use them] for cooking while they are being burnt.

אֶחָד הַנּוֹטֵעַ וְאֶחָד הַמְקַיֵּם כֵּיוָן שֶׁרָאָה כִּלְאַיִם צָמְחוּ בְּכַרְמוֹ וְהִנִּיחָם הֲרֵי זֶה קִדֵּשׁ. וְאֵין אָדָם מְקַדֵּשׁ דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ שֶׁלּוֹ. לְפִיכָךְ הַמְסַכֵּךְ גַּפְנוֹ עַל גַּבֵּי תְּבוּאָתוֹ שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ קִדֵּשׁ גַּפְנוֹ וְלֹא נִתְקַדְּשָׁה הַתְּבוּאָה. סִכֵּךְ גֶּפֶן חֲבֵרוֹ עַל תְּבוּאָתוֹ קִדֵּשׁ תְּבוּאָה וְלֹא קִדֵּשׁ גֶּפֶן חֲבֵרוֹ. סִכֵּךְ גֶּפֶן חֲבֵרוֹ עַל תְּבוּאַת חֲבֵרוֹ לֹא קִדֵּשׁ אֶחָד מֵהֶן. וּמִפְּנֵי זֶה הַזּוֹרֵעַ כַּרְמוֹ בַּשְּׁבִיעִית לֹא קִדֵּשׁ:

[The prohibition applies equally] whether one plants or maintains kilayim; i.e., one saw that mixed substances grew in his vineyard and he left them [to grow], they become hallowed.A person may not hallow an article that is not his. 9:9; Hilchot Arachin 4:26). Nevertheless, in those instances, the consecration of the article does not reflect a physical change in its state, but rather its designation as being holy. It is logical to conceive that only the owner of an article can make such a designation. In the present instance, by contrast, the different species of produce become hallowed because of the fact that they grow together. Seemingly, it makes no difference why they grow together, whether they were planted by the owner or by another person. Indeed, if a person puts milk into a pot cooking with meat belonging to his colleague, the food becomes prohibited.For this reason, although the Rambam accepts the above principle in other contexts. He found it problematic with regard to kilayim. Thus in his Commentary to the Mishnah (Kilayim 7:4), he originally favored the opinions which maintain that the above principle does not apply in this instance. Only later in life did he change his view and rule, as above, that it does apply. According to Rav Kappach, at that time, he also amended his Commentary to the Mishnah. Therefore if a person draped his vine over grain belonging to a colleague, he causes his vine to be hallowed, but not the grain. If he draped a vine belonging to a colleague over his grain, he causes his grain to be hallowed, but not his colleague's vine. If he draped a vine belonging to a colleague over grain belonging to a colleague, he does not cause either of them to become hallowed. For this reason, when a person sows [kilayim] in his vineyard in the Sabbatical year, he does not cause it to be hallowed.:5).The Radbaz notes that the above ruling applies to the produce, but not the wood growing in the vineyard, because the wood does not become ownerless. Therefore it is forbidden.

הָרוֹאֶה כִּלְאַיִם בְּכֶרֶם חֲבֵרוֹ וְקִיְּמָן הֲרֵי זֶה הָרוֹאֶה אָסוּר בַּהֲנָיָתָן וְכָל אָדָם מֻתָּרִין בָּהֶן. וְאִלּוּ קִיְּמָן בַּעַל הַכֶּרֶם הָיָה מְקַדֵּשׁ אוֹתָן לְכָל אָדָם כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ:

When a person 7:5) interprets this as referring to a situation where the person is working for the owner of the field. Otherwise, he maintains there is no reason to rule that he should be forbidden to benefit. Rav Yosef Corcus and the Radbaz explain the Rambam's ruling. Rav Yosef Corcus states that it applies to a person who has the right to enter his colleague's field even thought he is not working there (see also Turei Zahav 296:3). Otherwise, he would not have any effect on it, even for himself. The Radbaz states that the Rambam's ruling applies even to a person at large. Since he did not notify the owner about the problem, it is as if he took a vow to personally consider the produce as forbidden. sees mixed species [growing] in a vineyard belonging to a colleague and maintained them, that observer is forbidden to benefit from them. Every other person is permitted. Were the owner of the vineyard to have maintained them, they would be hallowed for all people as explained.

הָאַנָּס שֶׁזָּרַע כִּלְאַיִם בְּכֶרֶם חֲבֵרוֹ אִם נִשְׁתַּקְּעוּ הַבְּעָלִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִתְיָאֲשׁוּ הֲרֵי זֶה קִדֵּשׁ מִן הַתּוֹרָה. וְאִם לֹא נִשְׁתַּקְּעוּ הַבְּעָלִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּתְיָאֲשׁוּ אֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ אֶלָּא מִדִּבְרֵי סוֹפְרִים:

[The following laws apply when] a man of force sowed kilayim in a vineyard belonging to another person. If the owner hides out of fear, 7:6). Others interpret the term as meaning that the land is no longer referred to as belonging to the original owner. even though he does not despair over [ultimately receiving his property], [the produce] becomes hallowed according to Scriptural Law. 8:14), but instead, is always considered as belonging to the original owner, in this instance, because of the severity of the prohibition against kilayim, we rule stringently. If he does not hide, even though he does despair [the produce] becomes hallowed only according to Rabbinic Law.

הָרוּחַ שֶׁעָקְרָה פְּאֵרוֹת הַגֶּפֶן וְשִׁלְּחָה אוֹתָן עַל הַתְּבוּאָה יִגְדֹּד אוֹתָן מִיָּד. וְאִם אֵרְעוֹ אֹנֶס וְלֹא סִלְּקָן הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מֻתָּרִין וְלֹא נִתְקַדְּשׁוּ:

When wind uproots branches of a vine and blows them against grain, one should remove. It also follows the Rambam's Commentary to the Mishnah (according to Rav Kappach's version). The standard printed text of the Mishneh Torah - and also that followed by the Kessef Mishneh - follows a different version. In all cases, the basic intent remains the same. them immediately. If he did not remove them due to forces beyond his control, they are permitted and they do not become hallowed. unless he willfully allows the mixed species to grow.

אַנָּס שֶׁזָּרַע הַכֶּרֶם כְּשֶׁיָּצָא הָאַנָּס יִקְצֹר הַזֶּרַע מִיָּד וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּחֻלּוֹ שֶׁל מוֹעֵד. וְאִם לֹא מָצָא פּוֹעֲלִין יוֹסִיף לָהֶן עַד שְׁלִישׁ בִּשְׂכָרָן. בִּקְּשׁוּ מִמֶּנּוּ יוֹתֵר מִכֵּן אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא מָצָא פּוֹעֲלִים הֲרֵי זֶה מְבַקֵּשׁ בְּנַחַת וְקוֹצֵר. וְאִם נִשְׁתַּהָא הַזֶּרַע עַד שֶׁהִגִּיעַ לְעוֹנַת שֶׁיִּקְדַּשׁ הֲרֵי זֶה יִקְדַּשׁ וְיֵאָסְרוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם:

[The following laws apply when] a man of force sowed [kilayim] in a vineyard [and then departed, leaving the vineyard to its original owner]. When the man of force departs, [the owner] should harvest the crops immediately,.even during Chol HaMoed., ch. 7). Nevertheless, in this instance, he is required to do so, to avoid the violation of the prohibition against kilayim. If one cannot find workers, he should add even a third to their wages. 7:6), the Rambam gives an example. If the worker's wage was normally three zuz a day, he should be paid four. If they demanded more than that or was unable to find workers, he may continue searching without pressure and harvest [the produce]. If the produce remained until it reached the point that it hallows [the vineyard], it is hallowed and both species are forbidden.

מֵאֵימָתַי תְּבוּאָה אוֹ יָרָק מִתְקַדְּשִׁין מִשֶּׁיַּשְׁרִישׁוּ. עֲנָבִים מִשֶּׁיֵּעָשׂוּ כְּפוֹל הַלָּבָן. שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כב ט) "הַמְלֵאָה הַזֶּרַע אֲשֶׁר תִּזְרָע וּתְבוּאַת הַכָּרֶם" עַד שֶׁיִּזְרַע זֶה וְיִהְיֶה זֶה תְּבוּאָה. אֲבָל תְּבוּאָה שֶׁיָּבְשָׁה כָּל צָרְכָּהּ וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁבָּשְׁלוּ כָּל צָרְכָּן אֵינָן מִתְקַדְּשׁוֹת. [כֵּיצַד. תְּבוּאָה שֶׁיָּבְשָׁה כָּל צָרְכָּהּ וּבָא וְנָטַע גֶּפֶן בְּתוֹכָהּ וְכֵן עֲנָבִים שֶׁבָּשְׁלוּ כָּל צָרְכָּן וְזָרַע תְּבוּאָה אוֹ יָרָק בְּצִדָּן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁזֶּה אָסוּר אֵינָן מִתְקַדְּשׁוֹת]:

When do grain or vegetables become hallowed? When [the plants] develop roots. [When do] grapes? When they reach the size of a white bean, as [implied by Deuteronomy 22:9]: "Lest the fullness of the seed which you sowed and the produce of the vineyard become hallowed;" [i.e., the prohibition applies when] one sows this and this becomes produce. If, however, the grain has already dried to the degree necessary or grapes had matured to their full extent, they do not become hallowed.:7), the Rambam explains that the prooftext describing the prohibition speaks of "the seed" and "the produce." The Hebrew terms imply produce that is in the process of developing and not produce that has already developed fully and is ready to be harvested.What is implied? When grain has already dried to the degree necessary and then one planted a vine in their midst or grapes had matured to their full extent and one planted grain or a vegetable next to them, although this is forbidden, they do not become hallowed.

כֶּרֶם שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעוּ עֲנָבָיו לִהְיוֹת כְּפוֹל הַלָּבָן אֶלָּא עֲדַיִן הֵן בֹּסֶר וְזָרַע בְּתוֹכוֹ יָרָק אוֹ תְּבוּאָה וְהִשְׁרִישׁוּ הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא קִדֵּשׁ. וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן קוֹנְסִין אוֹתוֹ וְאוֹסְרִין הַזֶּרַע. אֲבָל הַבֹּסֶר מֻתָּר וְאִם עָקַר הַזֶּרַע קֹדֶם שֶׁיֵּעָשׂוּ הָעֲנָבִים כְּפוֹל הַלָּבָן הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָיָה. מִקְצָתָן נַעֲשׂוּ כְּפוֹל הַלָּבָן וּמִקְצָתָן לֹא נַעֲשׂוּ. אֶת שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ נִתְקַדְּשׁוּ וְאֶת שֶׁלֹּא נַעֲשׂוּ מֻתָּרִין:

[The following rules apply in] a vineyard whose grapes have not grown to the size of a white bean, but are still underdeveloped. If one sowed vegetables or grain there and they took root, they are not hallowed. Nevertheless, he is penalized and we forbid the growths. The underdeveloped grapes, by contrast, are permitted., however, differ and maintain that it is permitted even to partake of it. If one uprooted the growths before the grapes became the size of a white bean, it is permitted to benefit from them. state that this ruling appears to contradict the Rambam's statements made previously, that "he is penalized and we forbid the growths," implying that it is forbidden to benefit from them. They each suggest possible resolutions of the issue.If some of [the grapes] have reached that size and some have not, those which have are hallowed and those which have not are not.

עֲנָבִים שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ כְּפוֹל הַלָּבָן וְזָרַע בְּצִדָּן תְּבוּאָה אוֹ מִינֵי יְרָקוֹת וְלָקַט הַזֶּרַע קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּשְׁרִישׁ הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר בַּהֲנָאָה וְאִם הִשְׁרִישׁ אָסוּר:

When grapes have grown to the size of a white bean and one planted grain or types of vegetables at their side and reaped the growths before they became rooted, it is permitted to benefit from them. If they became rooted, it is forbidden.

גֶּפֶן שֶׁיָּבְשׁוּ הֶעָלִין שֶׁלָּהּ וְנָפְלוּ כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁתִּיבַשׁ הַגֶּפֶן בִּימֵי הַקֹּר אָסוּר לִזְרֹעַ בְּצִדָּהּ יָרָק אוֹ תְּבוּאָה וְאִם זָרַע לֹא קָדְשׁוּ. וְכֵן הַזּוֹרֵעַ בְּעָצִיץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ נָקוּב הַמֻּנָּח בַּכֶּרֶם לֹא קִדֵּשׁ וּמַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת. אֲבָל עָצִיץ נָקוּב הֲרֵי הוּא כְּאֶרֶץ:

When a vine has dried out and its leaves have fallen as is frequent in the winter, 7:2), the Rambam emphasizes that we are speaking about a vine that is alive and will produce grapes in the future and not one that has dried out entirely. If the vine is totally dried out, it is permissible to sow other species near it (Radbaz, Kessef Mishneh, commenting on the gloss of the Ra'avad). it is forbidden to sow vegetables or grain next to it. If one sows them there, they do not become hallowed. Similarly, if one sows these species in a flowerpot that does not have a hole which is located in a vineyard, the produce is not hallowed. He, however, should be given stripes for rebellious conduct. If, however, the flowerpot has a hole, it is [as if he sowed] in the ground. 5:10).

הָיָה עוֹבֵר בַּכֶּרֶם וְנָפְלוּ מִמֶּנּוּ זְרָעִים אוֹ שֶׁיָּצְאוּ עִם הַזְּבָלִים אוֹ עִם הַמַּיִם אוֹ שֶׁהָיָה זוֹרֵעַ אוֹ זוֹרֶה בְּשָׂדֶה לָבָן וּסְעָרַתּוּ הָרוּחַ לַאֲחוֹרָיו וְנָפְלוּ הַזְּרָעִים בַּכֶּרֶם וְצָמְחוּ הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא נִתְקַדֵּשׁ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (דברים כב ט) "אֲשֶׁר תִזְרַע" וְזֶה לֹא זָרַע. וְחַיָּב לַעֲקֹר כְּשֶׁיִּרְאֶה. וְאִם קִיְּמָן הֲרֵי זֶה קִדֵּשׁ. סְעָרַתּוּ הָרוּחַ לְפָנָיו וְרוֹאֶה הַזְּרָעִים שֶׁנָּפְלוּ לַכֶּרֶם הֲרֵי זֶה כְּזוֹרֵעַ. וְכֵיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה. אִם צָמְחוּ הָעֲשָׂבִים יַהַפְכֵם בְּמַחְרֵשָׁה וְדַיּוֹ. וְאִם מְצָאָן שֶׁנַּעֲשׂוּ אָבִיב יְנַפֵּץ אוֹתוֹ אָבִיב כְּדֵי לְהַשְׁחִיתוֹ שֶׁהַכּל אָסוּר בַּהֲנָאָה. וְאִם מְצָאָהּ שֶׁנַּעֲשֵׂית דָּגָן הֲרֵי זוֹ תִּשָּׂרֵף. וְאִם רָאָה אוֹתָן וְקִיְּמָן הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִשָּׂרְפוּ עִם הַגְּפָנִים הַסְּמוּכוֹת לָהֶן:

[The following rules apply when a person] was passing through a vineyard and seeds fell from him or they were brought [into a field] with fertilizer or water, or one was sowing or winnowing in a field of grain and the wind carried the seeds behind him and the seeds fell into a vineyard and sprouted, they do not become hallowed. [This is derived from the prooftext cited above] which states "which you sowed," and this was not sowed. (Kilayim 5:7)]. He is, [nevertheless,] obligated to uproot it when he sees it. If he maintains it, it becomes hallowed.If the wind carried the seeds before him and he saw them fall into the vineyard, he is considered to have sown them. What should he do if their grasses grow? He should turn them over with a plow; this is sufficient. If he discovered that they have already ripened, he should crush the portion that ripened, should be destroyed by fire, an exception is made in this instance, because - since the newly grown crops are moist and not appropriate to be burnt. for it is forbidden to benefit from the entire; this ruling appears to contradict the Rambam's Commentary to the Mishnah (loc. cit.). [plant]. If he discovers that grain has already sprouted, it must be burnt. If he saw it and maintained it, it must be burnt together with the vines adjacent to it.

הָרוֹאֶה בַּכֶּרֶם עֵשֶׂב שֶׁאֵין דֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לְזָרְעוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא רוֹצֶה בְּקִיּוּמוֹ לִבְהֵמָה אוֹ לִרְפוּאָה הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא קִדֵּשׁ. עַד שֶׁיְּקַיֵּם דָּבָר שֶׁכָּמוֹהוּ מְקַיְּמִין רֹב הָעָם בְּאוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם. כֵּיצַד. הַמְקַיֵּם קוֹצִים בַּכֶּרֶם בַּעֲרָב שֶׁרוֹצִים בַּקּוֹצִים לִגְמַלֵּיהֶם הֲרֵי זֶה קִדֵּשׁ:

When a person sees an herb that [most] people would not plant [growing] in a vineyard, it does not become hallowed 5:8), the Rambam explains that this is also derived from the prooftext cited above. "Which you sowed" implies "what is customary for you to sow." even though he desires that it be maintained [so that he will use it] for animal [fodder] or for medicinal purposes unless most people in that locale would maintain such a plant. What is implied? [When] a person maintains brush [growing] in his vineyard in Arabia, it becomes hallowed, [because there most people] desire the brush for their camels.

הָאִרוּס וְהַקִּיסוֹס וְשׁוֹשַׁנַּת הַמֶּלֶךְ וּשְׁאָר מִינֵי זְרָעִים אֵינָן כִּלְאַיִם בַּכֶּרֶם. הַקַּנְבּוֹס וְהַקִּנְרָס וְצֶמֶר גֶּפֶן הֲרֵי הֵן כִּשְׁאָר מִינֵי יְרָקוֹת וּמְקַדְּשִׁים בַּכֶּרֶם. וְכֵן כָּל מִינֵי דְּשָׁאִים שֶׁעוֹלִין מֵאֲלֵיהֶן בַּשָּׂדֶה הֲרֵי הֵן מְקַדְּשִׁין בַּכֶּרֶם. וּפוֹל הַמִּצְרִי מִין זְרָעִים הוּא וְאֵינוֹ מְקַדֵּשׁ. הַקָּנִים וְהַוֶּרֶד וְהָאַטָּדִין מִינֵי אִילָן הֵן וְאֵינָן כִּלְאַיִם בַּכֶּרֶם:

Mint, ivy, the king's lily, and other [similar] plants are not considered as kilayim in a vineyard. Hemp, artichokes, 1:6). and cotton, are considered like other types of vegetables and they become hallowed in a vineyard. Similarly, all types of herbs that grow on their own accord in a field become hallowed in a vineyard. An Egyptian bean is considered as a plant and does not become hallowed. Bamboo, roses, and thornbushes are considered as species of trees and are not kilayim in a vineyard.

זֶה הַכְּלָל כָּל הַמּוֹצִיא עָלִין מֵעִקָּרוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה יָרָק וְכָל שֶׁאֵינוֹ מוֹצִיא עָלִין הֲרֵי זֶה אִילָן. וְהַצָּלָף אִילָן לְכָל דָּבָר:

This is the general principle: Whenever the leaves of a plant grow from its roots, it is considered a vegetable. If its leaves do not grow from its roots, it is not a vegetable. A caper tree is considered as a tree in all contexts. 1:7. See also Hilchot Berachot 8:6.

הָרוֹאֶה יָרָק בַּכֶּרֶם וְאָמַר כְּשֶׁאַגִּיעַ לוֹ אֶלְקְטֵנוּ מֻתָּר. הִגִּיעַ לוֹ וְעָבַר מֵעָלָיו וְאָמַר כְּשֶׁאֶחֱזֹר לוֹ אֶלְקְטֵנוּ אִם שָׁהָה עַד שֶׁהוֹסִיף אֶחָד מִמָּאתַיִם הֲרֵי זֶה קִדֵּשׁ:

When a person sees a vegetable [growing] in [his] vineyard and says: "When I reach it, I will take it out," it is permitted. Should he reach it and pass it by, saying: "When I return, I will take it out," if he waits [the time it takes] to add 1/200th [to its size], it becomes hallowed.

וְכֵיצַד מְשַׁעֲרִין שִׁעוּר זֶה. רוֹאִין אִם נֶחְתַּךְ יָרָק זֶה אוֹ מִין תְּבוּאָה זֶה מִן הָאָרֶץ בְּכַמָּה זְמַן יִיבַשׁ. הַגַּע בְּעַצְמְךָ שֶׁיִּיבַשׁ עַד שֶׁלֹּא תִּשָּׁאֵר בּוֹ לֵחָה בְּמֵאָה שָׁעָה. אִם נִשְׁתַּהָה בָּאָרֶץ מִשֶּׁהִגִּיעַ לוֹ חֲצִי שָׁעָה הֲרֵי הוֹסִיף בְּמָאתַיִם לֶאֱסוֹר. וְאִם שָׁהָה פָּחוֹת מֵחֲצִי שָׁעָה מֻתָּר:

How can we measure this degree [of growth]? We see how long it would take for this vegetable or grain to dry if its connection with the earth were severed. 5:6) explains, a plant will grow at the same rate that it will dry out. (As the Radbaz points out, this applies over the entire span. The particular phases of its growth and drying will vary.) Let us say that it would take 100 hours to dry to the point that it retained no moisture. Thus if it remained in the ground for half an hour after he reached it, it will have added 1/200th [to its size] and it is forbidden. If he waited less than half an hour, it is permitted.

אָסוּר לַעֲבֹר בְּעָצִיץ נָקוּב שֶׁזָּרוּעַ בּוֹ יָרָק בְּתוֹךְ הַכֶּרֶם. וְאִם הִנִּיחוֹ תַּחַת הַגֶּפֶן וְנִשְׁתַּהָה שָׁם בָּאָרֶץ כְּדֵי לְהוֹסִיף אֶחָד מִמָּאתַיִם הֲרֵי זֶה קִדֵּשׁ:

It is forbidden to carry a pot with a hole [at its bottom] in which a vegetable is growing through a vineyard. If one left [such a pot] under a vine on the earth for [the time it takes] to add 1/200th [to its size], it becomes hallowed.

בָּצָל שֶׁנְּטָעוֹ בַּכֶּרֶם וְאַחַר כָּךְ נֶעֱקַר הַכֶּרֶם וְאַחַר כָּךְ צָמְחוּ בְּצָלִים מִן הָעִקָּר הַנָּטוּעַ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁרַבּוּ הַגִּדּוּלִים עַל עִקָּרוֹ בְּמָאתַיִם הֲרֵי אוֹתוֹ הָעִקָּר בְּאִסּוּרוֹ שֶׁאֵין גִּדּוּלֵי הֶתֵּר מַעֲלִין אֶת הָעִקָּר הָאָסוּר:

[The following law applies when one] sowed an onion in a vineyard,. the vineyard was uprooted afterwards, and then the onions grew from the roots that were already planted. Even though the growths are more than 200 times the size of the root, the root remains forbidden, for the permitted growths cannot change the status of the forbidden root. 10:16. In Hilchot Terumah 11:22, he rules otherwise.The Rambam's wording could be interpreted as implying that the plant that grows from the root is permitted. This is the conclusion of Rav Yosef Corcus. There are other Rishonim who maintain that the entire plant is forbidden. Kin'at Eliyahu notes that in Hilchot Nedarim 5:15, the Rambam rules: "If it was an entity whose seed does not decompose, even the produce that grows from the produce that grows from them is forbidden." Seemingly, the same principles would apply here.