Mishneh Torah — Fasts (Ta'aniyot) הלכות תעניות, Chapter 2

אֵלוּ הֵן הַצָּרוֹת שֶׁל צִבּוּר שֶׁמִּתְעַנִּין וּמַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶם. עַל הֲצָרַת שׂוֹנְאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְיִשְׂרָאֵל. וְעַל הַחֶרֶב. וְעַל הַדֶּבֶר. וְעַל חַיָּה רָעָה. וְעַל הָאַרְבֶּה. וְעַל הֶחָסִיל. וְעַל הַשִּׁדָּפוֹן. וְעַל הַיֵּרָקוֹן. וְעַל הַמַּפּלֶת. וְעַל הֶחֳלָאִים. וְעַל הַמְּזוֹנוֹת. וְעַל הַמָּטָר:

We should fast and sound the trumpets in the [following] situations of communal distress: and the Shulchan Aruch devote an entire chapter (576) to the discussion of fasts of this nature. Nevertheless, in the present era, even in times of genuine communal distress, it is infrequent for the Rabbis to declare a communal fast, because our physical stamina is not as great as that of the previous generations. because of the distress that the enemies of the Jews cause the Jews, because of [the passage of] an armed [force], because of a plague, because of a wild animal [on a rampage], because of various species of locusts, and chasil refer to species of locusts. The exact names of the species intended is a source of debate. because of the black blight and the yellow blight, because of falling buildings, because of an epidemic, because of [the loss of our source of] sustenance, and because of rain [or a lack of it].

כָּל עִיר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ צָרָה מִכָּל אֵלּוּ. אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר מִתְעַנָּה וּמַתְרַעַת עַד שֶׁתַּעֲבֹר הַצָּרָה. וְכָל סְבִיבוֹתֶיהָ מִתְעַנּוֹת וְלֹא מַתְרִיעוֹת אֲבָל מְבַקְּשִׁים עֲלֵיהֶם רַחֲמִים. וּבְכָל מָקוֹם אֵין צוֹעֲקִין וְלֹא מַתְרִיעִין בְּשַׁבָּת כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמַרְנוּ. חוּץ מִצָּרַת הַמְּזוֹנוֹת שֶׁצּוֹעֲקִין עָלֶיהָ אֲפִלּוּ בְּשַׁבָּת. אֲבָל אֵין מַתְרִיעִין עָלֶיהָ בַּחֲצוֹצְרוֹת בְּשַׁבָּת:

A city afflicted by any of these difficulties should fast and sound the trumpets until the difficulty passes. The inhabitants of the surrounding area should fast,). Although this ruling is generally followed, there are times when public fasts are called when Jews in distant lands are in profound distress. In particular, this applies with regard to the Jews in Eretz Yisrael. (See Halachah 6.) but should not sound the trumpets. They should, however, ask for mercy on [their brethren's] behalf. We do not cry out [to God] or sound the trumpets on the Sabbath, as was explained, 2:24. except in the case of distress over [the loss of our source of] sustenance. In this instance, we cry out [to God] even on the Sabbath, but we do not sound the trumpets for this reason on the Sabbath.

עַל הֲצָרַת שׂוֹנְאֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְיִשְׂרָאֵל כֵּיצַד. עַכּוּ"ם שֶׁבָּאוּ לַעֲרֹךְ מִלְחָמָה עִם יִשְׂרָאֵל אוֹ לִטּל מֵהֶם מַס אוֹ לִקַּח מִיָּדָם אֶרֶץ אוֹ לִגְזֹר עֲלֵיהֶם גְּזֵרָה אֲפִלּוּ בְּמִצְוָה קַלָּה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִתְעַנִּין וּמַתְרִיעִין עַד שֶׁיְּרֻחֲמוּ. וְכָל הֶעָרִים שֶׁסְּבִיבוֹתֵיהֶם מִתְעַנִּין אֲבָל אֵין מַתְרִיעִין אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן תָּקְעוּ לְהִתְקַבֵּץ לְעֶזְרָתָן:

What is meant by "the distress that the enemies of the Jews cause the Jews"? When gentiles come to wage war against the Jews, to impose a tax upon them, to take land away from them, or to pass a decree [restricting the observance of our faith,] 5:3, we are obligated to sacrifice our lives if gentiles pass a decree forbidding the observance of even a seemingly slight mitzvah (Kinat Eliyahu). even concerning merely a slight mitzvah, we should fast and sound the trumpets until [God shows] mercy.All the surrounding cities should fast, but they should not sound the trumpets unless they are doing so to gather the people together to come to their aid.

עַל הַחֶרֶב כֵּיצַד. אֲפִלּוּ חֶרֶב שֶׁל שָׁלוֹם כְּגוֹן שֶׁעָרְכוּ מִלְחָמָה עַכּוּ"ם עִם עַכּוּ"ם וְעָבְרוּ בִּמְקוֹם יִשְׂרָאֵל אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין בֵּינֵיהֶם וּבֵין יִשְׂרָאֵל מִלְחָמָה הֲרֵי זוֹ צָרָה וּמִתְעַנִּין עָלֶיהָ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא כו ו) "וְחֶרֶב לֹא תַעֲבֹר בְּאַרְצְכֶם" מִכְּלַל שֶׁרְאִיַּת הַמִּלְחָמָה צָרָה:

What is meant by "[the passage of] an armed [force]"? This applies even to an armed [force] that has peaceful intentions. For example, gentiles were waging war against other gentiles and they passed a Jewish settlement. Although they are not at war with the Jews, this is still considered a time of distress for which we should fast, as [implied by the blessing, Leviticus 26:6] "A sword will not pass through your land." From this, it can be understood that seeing war is itself a sign of distress.

וְעַל הַדֶּבֶר. אֵי זוֹ הִיא דֶּבֶר עִיר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ חֲמֵשׁ מֵאוֹת רַגְלִי וְיָצְאוּ מִמֶּנָּה שְׁלֹשָׁה מֵתִים בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים זֶה אַחַר זֶה הֲרֵי זֶה דֶּבֶר. יָצְאוּ בְּיוֹם אֶחָד אוֹ בְּאַרְבָּעָה יָמִים אֵין זֶה דֶּבֶר. הָיוּ בָּהּ אֶלֶף וְיָצְאוּ מִמֶּנָּה שִׁשָּׁה מֵתִים בִּשְׁלֹשָׁה יָמִים זֶה אַחַר זֶה דֶּבֶר. יָצְאוּ בְּיוֹם אֶחָד אוֹ בְּאַרְבָּעָה אֵין זֶה דֶּבֶר. וְכֵן לְפִי חֶשְׁבּוֹן זֶה. וְאֵין הַנָּשִׁים וְהַקְּטַנִּים וְהַזְּקֵנִים שֶׁשָּׁבְתוּ מִמְּלָאכָה בִּכְלַל מִנְיַן אַנְשֵׁי הַמְּדִינָה לְעִנְיָן זֶה:

"Because of plague." What constitutes a plague? When three people die on three consecutive days associates this ruling with the concept of chazakah, i.e., once a phenomenon is repeated three times, it can be presumed to recur. in a city that has 500 male inhabitants, (Orach Chayim 576:3). this is considered to be a plague. If [this many people] die on one day or on four days, it is not considered a plague.If a city has 1000 male inhabitants and six people die on three consecutive days, it is considered to be a plague. If [this many people] die on one day or on four days, it is not considered a plague. Similarly, this ratio should be followed [with regard to all cities, regardless of their size].Women, children, and older men who no longer work are not included in the census in this context. notes that the Mishnah (Ta'anit 3:1) uses the expression רגלי for inhabitants. From Exodus 12:37, "600,000 men on foot (רגלי) aside from children," we know that the term refers to adult males able to perform military service (i.e., below the age of sixty). The commentaries explain that elderly men, children, and women are considered to have a weaker constitution than adult males. Hence, it is only when a significant number of adult males die that one may be sure that the deaths can be attributed to a plague. (See also the Jerusalem Talmud, Ta'anit 3:5.)

הָיָה דֶּבֶר בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִתְעַנִּין שְׁאָר גָּלֻיּוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל עֲלֵיהֶן. הָיָה דֶּבֶר בַּמְּדִינָה וְשַׁיָּרוֹת הוֹלְכוֹת וּבָאוֹת מִמֶּנָּה לִמְדִינָה אַחֶרֶת שְׁתֵּיהֶן מִתְעַנּוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן רְחוֹקוֹת זוֹ מִזּוֹ:

If there is a plague in Eretz Yisrael, [the Jews in] the diaspora should fast on [its inhabitants'] behalf. 21b explains the rationale for this halachah: "If a Matron (Eretz Yisrael) is stricken, is it not likely that the maid-servant (the diaspora) will be stricken." The welfare of the inhabitants of Eretz Yisrael is a matter of concern for all Jews.The Ramah (Orach Chayim 576:2) states that this applies only when the plague has affected Eretz Yisrael in its entirety. If there was a plague in one country and caravans frequently travel from it to another country, they should both fast, 576:2 states that it is not customary at present to fast because of a plague. The nature of our physical constitutions has changed, and, were the inhabitants of a city afflicted by a plague to fast, it is more likely that they would succumb to it. Similarly, if caravans frequently travel from one city to another, there is the danger of infection. Therefore, even people in the distant city should not fast (Mishnah Berurah 576:10). even if they are distant from each other.).

אֵין מִתְעַנִּין עַל חַיָּה רָעָה אֶלָּא בִּזְמַן שֶׁהִיא מְשֻׁלַּחַת. כֵּיצַד. נִרְאֲתָה בָּעִיר בַּיּוֹם הֲרֵי זוֹ מְשֻׁלַּחַת. נִרְאֲתָה בַּשָּׂדֶה בַּיּוֹם אִם רָאֲתָה שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם וְלֹא בָּרְחָה מִפְּנֵיהֶם הֲרֵי זוֹ מְשֻׁלַּחַת. וְאִם הָיָה שָׂדֶה הַסְּמוּכָה לָאֲגַם וְרָאֲתָה שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם וְרָדְפָה אַחֲרֵיהֶם הֲרֵי זוֹ מְשֻׁלַּחַת. לֹא רָדְפָה אַחֲרֵיהֶם אֵינָהּ מְשֻׁלַּחַת. וְאִם הָיָה בָּאֲגַם אֲפִלּוּ רָדְפָה אַחֲרֵיהֶם אֵינָהּ מְשֻׁלַּחַת אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן טָרְפָה שְׁנֵיהֶם וְאָכְלָה אֶחָד מֵהֶן. אֲבָל אִם אָכְלָה שְׁנֵיהֶם בָּאֲגַם אֵינָהּ מְשֻׁלַּחַת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁזֶּה הוּא מְקוֹמָהּ וּמִפְּנֵי הָרְעָבוֹן טָרְפָה לֹא מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא מְשֻׁלַּחַת:

We do not fast because of a wild animal unless it is on a rampage. 22a, who interprets the word as "sent from Heaven," i.e., a minister of Divine retribution. (See also the gloss of the Ra'avad to Halachah 9.) This implies that the animal is not acting according to its natural pattern and is therefore more dangerous than normal. What is implied? If it is seen in a city during the day, it is on a rampage. Should it be seen in a field during the day, encounter two men and not flee from them, it is on a rampage. If the field was close to a swamp, and it saw two men and pursued them, it is on a rampage; if it did not pursue them, it is not on a rampage.If it was in a swamp, even if it pursued them, it is not considered to be on a rampage unless it slew both of them and ate [only] one. If, however, it ate both of them in a swamp, it is not considered to be on a rampage, for this is its place, and it slew them because it was hungry, not because it was on a rampage. 576:23 states that a deep forest is governed by the same laws as a swamp.

בָּתִּים הַבְּנוּיִים בְּמִדְבָּרוֹת וּבָאֲרָצוֹת הַנְשַׁמּוֹת הוֹאִיל וְהֵן מְקוֹם גְּדוּדֵי חַיָּה. אִם עָלְתָה לַגַּג וְנָטְלָה תִּינוֹק מֵעֲרִיסָה הֲרֵי זוֹ מְשֻׁלַּחַת. וְאִם לֹא הִגִּיעָה לְמִדָּה זוֹ אֵינָהּ מְשֻׁלַּחַת. שֶׁאֵלּוּ בְּנֵי אָדָם הֵם שֶׁסִּכְּנוּ בְּעַצְמָם וּבָאוּ לִמְקוֹם הַחַיּוֹת:

When houses are constructed in deserts or in other abandoned areas, 22a mentions this teaching in connection with hunters' huts. since this is a natural place for bands of wild animals, [it is only when] an animal climbs to the top of a roof and takes a baby from a cradle that it is considered to be "on a rampage." Otherwise, it is not considered to be "on a rampage." [The fault lies rather] with these people who endangered their lives and came to a place where wild animals live.

שְׁאָר מִינֵי רֶמֶשׂ הָאָרֶץ וְרֶמֶשׂ הָעוֹף שֶׁשֻּׁלְּחוּ וְהִזִּיקוּ. כְּגוֹן שִׁלּוּחַ נְחָשִׁים וְעַקְרַבִּים וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר צְרָעִין וְיַתּוּשִׁין וְהַדּוֹמֶה לָהֶן אֵין מִתְעַנִּין עֲלֵיהֶם וְלֹא מַתְרִיעִין אֲבָל זוֹעֲקִין בְּלֹא תְּרוּעָה:

When there is a rampage of swarming animals - e.g., snakes or scorpions - or swarming birds that cause injury, does not accept this ruling, the Kessef Mishneh takes note of the term "that cause injury," and explains that the Rambam himself would accept the Ra'avad's view when it has been demonstrated that these animals have deadly intentions. In his Beit Yosef and Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 576:7), Rav Yosef Karo quotes and even extends this interpretation. we do not fast or sound the trumpets because of them. We do, however, call out [to God] without trumpet blasts. Needless to say, [this applies to swarms of] hornets, mosquitoes, and the like.

עַל הָאַרְבֶּה וְעַל הֶחָסִיל אֲפִלּוּ לֹא נִרְאֶה מֵהֶן אֶלָּא כָּנָף אֶחָד בְּכָל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל מִתְעַנִּין וּמַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן. וְעַל הַגּוֹבַאי בְּכָל שֶׁהוּא. אֲבָל עַל הֶחָגָב אֵין מִתְעַנִּין עָלָיו וְלֹא מַתְרִיעִין אֶלָּא זוֹעֲקִין בִּלְבַד:

"Because of various species of locusts." Even if only one fleet is taken from Rav Kapach, whose interpretation is based on the Arabic term used by the Rambam for that word in the Guide to the Perplexed, Vol. 1, Chapter 43. In his commentary, he also sheds light on the tendencies of the various insects mentioned by the Rambam. Others interpret kanaf as referring to a single locust. is seen in all of Eretz Yisrael, [the entire country] should fast and sound the trumpets because of them. [The same applies if] even the slightest amount of govai appear. is also a species of locusts. They are more dangerous than the others For chagav, is also a species of locusts; they are smaller than the others and do not pose a serious danger to the crops. At present, we are unfamiliar with the exact names of all the various species of locusts. Therefore, it is customary to fast and sound the trumpets whenever any locusts are sighted (Ra'avad, Shulchan Aruch, Orach Chayim 576:9). however, we do not fast or sound the trumpets; nevertheless, we do call out [to God] without sounding the trumpets.

עַל הַשִּׁדָּפוֹן וְעַל הַיֵּרָקוֹן מִשֶּׁיַּתְחִיל בַּתְּבוּאָה. וַאֲפִלּוּ לֹא הִתְחִיל אֶלָּא מִמָּקוֹם קָטָן כִּמְלֹא פִּי תַּנּוּר גּוֹזְרִין עָלָיו תַּעֲנִית וּמַתְרִיעִין:

"Because of the black blight and the yellow blight." As soon as these affect the crops, even if they affect only a small amount of grain, 576:8). [an area the size of] the opening of an oven, 3:5). The Maggid Mishneh and others offer a different explanation, "the amount of grain necessary to bake enough bread to fill the mouth of an oven." a fast is called and the trumpets are sounded.

עַל הַמַּפּלֶת כֵּיצַד. הֲרֵי שֶׁרָבְתָה בָּעִיר מַפּלֶת כְּתָלִים בְּרִיאִים שֶׁאֵינָן עוֹמְדִים בְּצַד הַנָּהָר הֲרֵי זוֹ צָרָה וּמִתְעַנִּין וּמַתְרִיעִין עָלֶיהָ. וְכֵן עַל הָרַעַשׁ וְעַל הָרוּחוֹת שֶׁהֵן מַפִּילִין אֶת הַבִּנְיָן וְהוֹרְגִין מִתְעַנִּין וּמַתְרִיעִין עֲלֵיהֶן:

What is meant by "because of falling buildings"? When many 576:11 quotes the Ritba as explaining that this refers to the walls of three homes. strong walls that are not located on the banks of a river begin to fall in a city, 3:4), the Rambam writes that this refers to walls that fall without any apparent reason. this is a difficulty [that warrants] fasting and the sounding of the trumpets.Similarly, we should fast and sound the trumpets because of earthquakes and strong winds that destroy buildings and kill people.

עַל הֶחֳלָיִים כֵּיצַד. הֲרֵי שֶׁיָּרַד חלִי אֶחָד לַאֲנָשִׁים הַרְבֵּה בְּאוֹתָהּ הָעִיר כְּגוֹן אַסְכָּרָה אוֹ חַרְחוּר וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן וְהָיוּ מֵתִים בְּאוֹתוֹ הַחלִי הֲרֵי זוֹ צָרַת צִבּוּר וְגוֹזְרִין לָהּ תַּעֲנִית וּמַתְרִיעִין. וְכֵן חִכּוּךְ לַח הֲרֵי הוּא כִּשְׁחִין פּוֹרֵחַ. וְאִם פָּשַׁט בְּרֹב הַצִּבּוּר מִתְעַנִּין וּמַתְרִיעִין עָלָיו. אֲבָל חִכּוּךְ יָבֵשׁ צוֹעֲקִים עָלָיו בִּלְבַד:

What is meant by "because of an epidemic"? When one illness - e.g., a throat infection 576:5). or polio - affects many people in a city and people die because of this illness, (Orach Chayim 576) questions why the Rambam does not mention that the situation warrants a fast only when three people die in three days, as he did with regard to plague (Halachah 5). He concludes that there is a more severe element to these epidemics than plague, and even if fewer than three people die each day, a communal fast should be held. The Ramah (Orach Chayim 576:5) quotes this as halachah.The Lechem Mishneh explains the difference between the two as follows: Plague refers to an instance when death hits the city before there is an outbreak of illness. In contrast, the epidemic mentioned in this halachah refers to an instance where both illness and death are manifest in the city. this is considered to be a matter of communal distress. A fast is called and the trumpets are sounded.Similarly, if running sores 80b states that we cry out to God for relief from this ailment, even on the Sabbath. The Lechem Mishneh questions why the Rambam does not quote this concept. affect the majority of the community, it is considered like boils, and they should fast and sound the trumpets. For a dry itch [which affects the entire community], we merely cry out [to God].

עַל הַמְּזוֹנוֹת כֵּיצַד. הֲרֵי שֶׁהוּזְלוּ דְּבָרִים שֶׁל סְחוֹרָה שֶׁרֹב חַיֵּי אַנְשֵׁי אוֹתָהּ הָעִיר מֵהֶן. כְּגוֹן כְּלֵי פִּשְׁתָּן בְּבָבֶל וְיַיִן וְשֶׁמֶן בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל. וְנִתְמַעֵט הַמַּשָּׂא וְהַמַּתָּן עַד שֶׁיִּצְטָרֵךְ הַתַּגָּר לִמְכֹּר שְׁוִה עֲשָׂרָה בְּשִׁשָּׁה וְאַחַר כָּךְ יִמָּצֵא לוֹקֵחַ. הֲרֵי זוֹ צָרַת צִבּוּר וּמַתְרִיעִין עָלֶיהָ וְזוֹעֲקִין עָלֶיהָ בְּשַׁבָּת:

What is meant by "because of [the loss of our source of] sustenance"? That the price of the articles on which the livelihood of most of the inhabitants of a city depend - e.g., linen goods in Babylon and wine and oil in Eretz Yisrael - has fallen, and the trade in these articles has decreased to the extent that a merchant must offer them for sale at only 60% of their real value in order to be able to find a purchaser. This is considered a communal distress [that warrants] us to raise a clamor 91a. and cry out to God, (ibid.) does not mention fasting for this reason. Accordingly, the Ritba (Ta'anit 19b) states that this is not cause for a public fast. The ruling of most authorities (see Mishnah Berurah 576:29) is that a communal fast should be called. even on the Sabbath.

עַל הַמָּטָר כֵּיצַד. הֲרֵי שֶׁרַבּוּ עֲלֵיהֶן גְּשָׁמִים עַד שֶׁיָּצֵרוּ לָהֶן הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִתְפַּלְּלִין עֲלֵיהֶן. שֶׁאֵין לְךָ צָרָה יְתֵרָה מִזּוֹ שֶׁהַבָּתִּים נוֹפְלִין וְנִמְצְאוּ בָּתֵּיהֶן קִבְרֵיהֶן. וּבְאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵין מִתְפַּלְּלִין עַל רֹב הַגְּשָׁמִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא אֶרֶץ הָרִים וּבָתֵּיהֶם בְּנוּיִים בַּאֲבָנִים וְרֹב הַגְּשָׁמִים טוֹבָה לָהֶן וְאֵין מִתְעַנִּין לְהַעֲבִיר הַטּוֹבָה:

What is meant by "because of rain"? When the rainfall is so abundant that it causes difficulty, prayers should be recited. There is no greater difficulty than this, that homes should fall and become the graves [of their inhabitants]. 22b mentions this with regard to Babylon, which is a valley and whose homes are not built with sturdy foundations.Note the Tur and the Shulchan Aruch, who quote the Rambam's statements (Orach Chayim 576:11), but also mention (577:1) a less extreme instance of abundant rainfall, in which the rains prevent the land from being tilled properly.In Eretz Yisrael, we do not pray [for the cessation of the rains] when there is an abundant rainfall. It is a mountainous land, and its houses are made of stone. An abundance of rain is of benefit, and we should not fast to cause a benefit to pass.

תְּבוּאָה שֶׁצָּמְחָה וְנִמְנַע הַמָּטָר וְהִתְחִילוּ צְמָחִין לִיבַשׁ הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִתְעַנִּין וְזוֹעֲקִין עַד שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ גְּשָׁמִים אוֹ עַד שֶׁיִּיבְשׁוּ הַצְּמָחִים. וְכֵן אִם הִגִּיעַ זְמַן הַפֶּסַח אוֹ קָרוֹב לוֹ בְּאֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל שֶׁהוּא זְמַן פְּרִיחַת הָאִילָנוֹת שָׁם וְלֹא יָרְדוּ גְּשָׁמִים הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִתְעַנִּין וְזוֹעֲקִין עַד שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ גְּשָׁמִים הָרְאוּיִין לְאִילָנוֹת אוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר זְמַנָּם:

If, after grain has already sprouted, the rains cease (Orach Chayim 575:8). and the produce begins to dry, the people should fast and cry out [to God] until rain descends or the produce dries out entirely.Similarly, if the Pesach season, which is the time when the trees flower in Eretz Yisrael, arrives and there is no rainfall, the people should fast and cry out [to God] until rain that is fit for trees descends or until the season passes.

וְכֵן אִם הִגִּיעַ זְמַן חַג הַסֻּכּוֹת וְלֹא יָרְדוּ גְּשָׁמִים הַרְבֵּה כְּדֵי לְמַלְּאוֹת מֵהֶם הַבּוֹרוֹת הַשִּׁיחִין וְהַמְּעָרוֹת הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִתְעַנִּין עַד שֶׁיֵּרֵד גֶּשֶׁם הָרָאוּי לְבוֹרוֹת. וְאִם אֵין לָהֶם מַיִם לִשְׁתּוֹת מִתְעַנִּים עַל הַגְּשָׁמִים בְּכָל עֵת שֶׁלֹּא יִהְיֶה לָהֶם מַיִם לִשְׁתּוֹת וַאֲפִלּוּ בִּימוֹת הַחַמָּה:

Similarly, if the festival of Sukkot where the rains are seasonal in this manner. In other countries, different principles apply.Most texts of the Jerusalem Talmud (Ta'anit 3:2) which is the direct source for this halachah, state Atzeret (Shavuot), rather than Sukkot. The Rambam's choice of this version of the text can be explained in that it is very unlikely for rain to descend in the summer (the season of Shavuot) in Eretz Yisrael. In contrast, it is possible for rain to descend on Sukkot, although this is slightly earlier than usual. Thus the Rambam chose the version that is closer to the prevailing circumstances. arrived and a sufficient amount of rain had not descended to fill the storage vats, the irrigation ditches, and the caverns, the people should fast until sufficient rain descends for the storage vats.If the people have no water to drink, they should fast for rain at all times whenever there is no water to drink, even in the summer.

פָּסְקוּ הַגְּשָׁמִים בֵּין גֶּשֶׁם לְגֶשֶׁם אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם בִּימוֹת הַגְּשָׁמִים הֲרֵי זוֹ מַכַּת בַּצֹּרֶת וּמִתְעַנִּים וְזוֹעֲקִים עַד שֶׁיֵּרְדוּ הַגְּשָׁמִים אוֹ עַד שֶׁיַּעֲבֹר זְמַנָּם:

When the rains ceased for more than forty days in the rainy season, it is a drought, and the people should fast and cry out [to God] until the rains descend or until the rainy season passes.