Mishneh Torah — Heave Offerings (Terumot) הלכות תרומות, Chapter 14

חֲמִשִׁים תְּאֵנוֹת שִׁחוֹרוֹת וַחֲמִשִּׁים לְבָנוֹת שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹכָן תְּאֵנָה אַחַת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה. הָיְתָה לְבָנָה הַשְּׁחוֹרוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת וְהַלְּבָנוֹת מְדֻמָּעוֹת. הָיְתָה שְׁחוֹרָה הַשְּׁחוֹרוֹת מְדֻמָּעוֹת וְהַלְּבָנוֹת מֻתָּרוֹת. וְאִם אֵין יָדוּעַ אִם שְׁחוֹרָה הָיְתָה וְאִם לְבָנָה עוֹלָה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה מִן הַכּל. יָדַע מֶה הָיְתָה אַחַר שֶׁנָּפְלָה וְשָׁכַח הֲרֵי כֻּלָּן מְדֻמָּעוֹת:

[The following laws apply when] there were fifty dark figs and fifty light figs and one fig that is terumah fell among them. If it was light, the dark figs are permitted was not dark. and the light figs are considered miduma. If it was dark, the dark figs are miduma and the light figs are permitted. If it is not known whether it was light or dark, it can be nullified when the mixture is 101 times [the weight of] the original fig. 4:7). Alternatively, since we do not know which type of fig fell in, the fact that it was of a specific color is not significant to us (Yayin Malchut). If he knew what type of fig it was but forgot, they are all considered miduma.

וְכֵן עִגּוּלֵי דְּבֵלָה וּמַלְבְּנִים שֶׁל דְּבֵלָה שֶׁנָּפַל עִגּוּל אוֹ מַלְבֵּן שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה לְתוֹכָן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם מַלְבֵּן הָיָה אוֹ עִגּוּל הֲרֵי הָעִגּוּלִין מִצְטָרְפִין לַמַּלְבְּנִים וְתַעֲלֶה הַתְּרוּמָה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה מִן הַכּל. עִגּוּלֵי דְּבֵלָה גְּדוֹלִים וּקְטַנִּים שֶׁנָּפַל עִגּוּל דְּבֵלָה לְתוֹכָן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם גָּדוֹל הָיָה אִם קָטָן הֲרֵי הֵן מַעֲלִין בֵּין בְּמִנְיָן בֵּין בְּמִשְׁקָל. כֵּיצַד. נָפַל עִגּוּל לְמֵאָה עִגּוּלִין גְּדוֹלִים וּקְטַנִּים הֲרֵינִי אוֹמֵר קָטָן נָפַל וּמַגְבִּיהַּ אֶחָד מִן הַקְּטַנִּים. נָפַל עִגּוּל לְתוֹךְ אַרְבָּעִים עִגּוּלִים מֵהֶן עֶשְׂרִים עִגּוּל מִשְׁקַל כָּל אֶחָד אַרְבַּע לִיטְרִין וּמֵהֶן עֶשְׂרִים עִגּוּל מִשְׁקַל כָּל אֶחָד לִיטְרָא הוֹאִיל וּמִשְׁקַל הַכּל מֵאָה לִיטְרִין וְאֶחָד הֲרֵינִי אוֹמֵר קָטָן נָפַל וּמַגְבִּיהַּ אֶחָד מִן הַקְּטַנִּים:

Similar laws apply when there are cakes of pressed figs or blocks of pressed figs and a cake or block of [figs that are] terumah falls among them. If it is not known whether the one which fell in was a block or a cake, the cakes and the blocks are combined and the terumah can be nullified if their [combined weight] is 101 times that of the terumah. [Similarly,] when there are large cakes of figs and small ones and a cake of figs [that is terumah] falls among them, but it is not known whether the cake which fell in was large or small, [the existing cakes] can nullify the one which fell in whether by weight or by number.What is implied? A cake [of figs] fell into a mixture of 100 other cakes, both large and small. We assume that a small cake fell in and one may remove one of the small cakes. could be nullified. We assume that it was small and hence, to fulfill the obligation to remove a cake, we remove a small one. If a cake fell into 40 cakes, 20 of them weighing four litra each and 20 of them, weighing one litra each, since the combined weight is 101 litra, we assume a small one fell in and remove one of the small ones. in the mixture. It is sufficient to remove a small one. The rationale is that since the terumah has been nullified, the removal of the cake is required only as a financial matter: to give the priest his due. Hence, to receive a larger cake, the priest must prove that a larger cake did indeed fall in.

וְהַקֶּמַח וְהַסּלֶת אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפִין לְהַעֲלוֹת אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה:

Flour and finely sifted flour cannot be combined together to nullify terumah. fell into one of the containers, but we do not know which one. We do not say that the two containers of flour should be considered like the two groups of figs and considered as a single entity. Instead, we judge them individually. The rationale is that once the terumah becomes mixed with the flour or the finely sifted flour, it is part of one mixture and not the other. Hence it is not appropriate to combine them (Radbaz).

סְאָה שֶׁל חִטִּים שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל פִּי מְגוּרָה שֶׁל חִטִּים אֵין מְשַׁעֲרִין אוֹתָהּ בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה. שֶׁאֵין מְשַׁעֲרִין אֶלָּא אִם נִבְלְלָה תְּרוּמָה עִם הַחֻלִּין. אוֹ אִם אֵין יָדוּעַ בְּאֵיזֶה מָקוֹם נָפְלָה הַתְּרוּמָה. וְכֵיצַד יַעֲשֶׂה. רוֹאִין אֶת הַתְּרוּמָה כְּאִלּוּ הִיא חִטִּים עַל גַּבֵּי שְׂעוֹרִים וּמַפְרִישׁ הַתְּרוּמָה עַצְמָהּ שֶׁנָּפְלָה עַל גַּבֵּי הַמְּגוּרָה עִם מְעַט מִן הַחֻלִּין שֶׁנָּפְלָה עֲלֵיהֶן כְּמִי שֶׁמְּאַסֵּף חִטִּים מֵעַל גַּבֵּי שְׂעוֹרִין:

When a se'ah of wheat which is terumah falls on the mouth of the storage vat of wheat, we do not measure it against the 101 times [its weight or ordinary grain found] in the storage vat. For we do not make such an assessment unless the terumah has been mixed with the ordinary produce or we do not know where the terumah fell.What should be done? We consider the terumah as if it is wheat placed above barley and separate the terumah itself which fell unto the storage vat with some of the ordinary produce upon which they fell as one would be collecting wheat from barley.

שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת אוֹ שְׁתֵּי מְגוּרוֹת שֶׁנָּפְלָה תְּרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן וְנִבְלְלָה וְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵי זוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה. אִם הָיוּ שְׁתֵּי מְגוּרוֹת בְּבַיִת אֶחָד הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ מִצְטָרְפוֹת וְתַעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה מִן הַכּל כְּאִלּוּ הָיוּ שְׁתֵּיהֶן מְגוּרָה אַחַת וְהַקֻּפּוֹת מִצְטָרְפוֹת. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיְתָה קֻפָּה בְּבַיִת זֶה וְקֻפָּה בְּבַיִת אַחֵר לְפִי שֶׁקָּרוֹב הַדָּבָר לְקַבֵּץ שְׁתֵּיהֶן בְּבַיִת אֶחָד. אֲבָל אִם הָיוּ שְׁתֵּי הַקֻּפּוֹת בִּשְׁתֵּי עֲיָרוֹת אֵינָן מִצְטָרְפוֹת:

[The following laws apply when] there are two containers or two storage vats and terumah fell into one of them. It became mixed with [the contents of the container or storage vat] and it is not known which one it fell into. If the two storage vats were in the same building, they are considered as if they were combined and the terumah is nullified if the entire quantity is 101 times its weight. It is as if they were both contained in a single storage vat. Moreover, the containers are considered as combined together even if they are in two separate buildings, for it is possible to gather the two in one building. 12:4), the Rambam writes that containers are frequently moved and in the process of their being moved, the two containers could be combined. Hence, we view them as if they were combined at present. This ruling is also quoted in other contexts; see Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh De'ah 111:7). If, however, the two containers were in two cities, they are not combined.

וְכֵיצַד מַעֲלֶה סְאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה. אִם רָצָה לְהַעֲלוֹת מֵאֶחָד מִשְּׁתֵּיהֶן מַעֲלֶה וְאִם רָצָה לְהַעֲלוֹת חֶצְיָהּ מִזּוֹ וְחֶצְיָהּ מִזּוֹ מַעֲלֶה. כַּדִּים מְלֵאִים תְּאֵנִים שֶׁל חֻלִּין שֶׁדָּרַס לִיטְרָא תְּאֵנִים שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה בְּפִי כַּד אֶחָד מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ הִיא אִם הָיוּ שָׁם מֵאָה כַּד וְכַד הֲרֵי זוֹ תַּעֲלֶה וְלוֹקֵחַ כַּד אֶחָד מֵהֶם וּמוֹכְרָהּ לַכֹּהֵן חוּץ מִדְּמֵי אוֹתָהּ לִיטְרָא וְהַשְּׁאָר מֻתָּרִין. וְאִם הָיוּ פָּחוֹת מִמֵּאָה הַפּוּמִין כֻּלָּן מְדֻמָּעוֹת וְהַשּׁוּלַיִם מֻתָּרִין:

How should he remove the se'ah which fell in? must be removed from the mixture and given to the priest. How should that be done in the present instance? For the terumah fell into only one of the containers and we do not know which one. If he desires to remove it from one of them, he may. If he desires to remove half from one and half from the other, he may.[The following laws apply when] there are jugs filled with dried figs that are ordinary produce and [the owner] pressed a litra of figs that are terumah into the opening of one of them, but he does not remember which one. If there are 101 jugs, the terumah is considered nullified. He should take one jug and sell it to a priest except for the worth of the litra [of terumah], we require himself to sell the entire jug, because of the impression that might be created (Shita Mekubetzet, Beitzah 4a). and the remainder [of the jugs] are permitted. If there are less than 100 jugs, [the figs at] the openings [of the jugs] are considered miduma and those at the bottom are permitted..The Radbaz explains that this situation differs from that described in Halachah 1. In that situation, although the light figs and the dark figs could be distinguished from each other, they were all mixed together. Hence, it is possible to speak about one type being combined with the other to nullify the terumah. In the situation described by our Halachah, the tops and the bottoms will always remain discrete.

וְכֵן אִם דְּרָסָהּ עַל פִּי כַּוֶּרֶת אוֹ עַל פִּי עִגּוּל וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זֶה הוּא. דְּרָסָהּ עַל פִּי הָעִגּוּל וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אִם בִּצְפוֹנוֹ אוֹ בִּדְרוֹמוֹ וְלֹא אֵי זוֹ עִגּוּל הוּא. רוֹאִין אוֹתָם כְּאִלּוּ הֵם פְּרוּדוֹת וְתַעֲלֶה לְפִי הַמִּשְׁקָל. אִם יֵשׁ בְּכָל הָעִגּוּלִין מֵאָה לִיטְרִין תַּעֲלֶה. וְהוּא שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּכָל עִגּוּל מֵהֶן יֶתֶר עַל שְׁנֵי לִיטְרִין כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּבָּטֵל הַתְּרוּמָה בְּרֹב. שֶׁסְּפֵק הַתְּרוּמָה בָּטֵל בְּרֹב הַחֻלִּין:

Similar laws apply if one pressed [a litra of] figs into the opening of a kaveret literally means "bee-hive." Here we are talking about a storage compartment that is built like a bee-hive.or into the top of a cake. If he pressed them onto the top of a cake, but does not know whether he pressed them onto the northern portion [of the cake] or its southern portion, nor does he know which cake he pressed them onto, we look at all the figs as if they were separate entities and [the figs that are terumah] should be nullified based on weight. If all the cakes weigh 100, 101 litra with the terumah. litra, the terumah is nullified onto the tops of the container. Therefore only the tops are considered. In the present instance, he does not know the portion of the cakes unto which he pressed the figs. That lack of knowledge works to his advantage, enabling us to count in the entire mixture. provided each of the cakes weighs more than two litra so that in each cake, the terumah is nullified because there is a majority of ordinary produce. according to Scriptural Law. The rationale is that when there is a doubt concerning the presence of terumah, it is nullified when there is a majority of ordinary produce.

הַתְּרוּמָה וַדָּאָהּ אוֹסֵר בְּמֵאָה וּסְפֵקָהּ אוֹסֵר בַּחֲמִשִּׁים. וְאֵין לָהּ הֶתֵּר אֶלָּא בְּרֹב. וְאִם הָיָה בְּיוֹתֵר מֵחֲמִשִּׁים אֵינָהּ צְרִיכָה רֹב. כֵּיצַד. תְּאֵנָה אַחַת תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתִשְׁעִים וָתֵשַׁע וַהֲרֵי הַמֵּאָה קַיָּמִין הַכּל אָסוּר לְזָרִים כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ:

When terumah is definitely [present in a mixture], it is forbidden if the mixture is 100 [or less times its weight]. If there is merely a doubt concerning the presence of terumah, it is forbidden if there are only fifty. It is permitted only if one adds a majority [of the new mixture]. that fell in (Kessef Mishneh). If there are more than fifty, one need not add such a majority.What is implied? One fig that is terumah fell into 99 figs and they are all present. They are all forbidden to non-priests, as explained..

נָפְלָה אַחַת מֵחֲמִשִּׁים וְאָבְדָה אַחַת מִן הַכּל שֶׁמָּא אַחַת מִן הַחֻלִּין הִיא שֶׁאָבְדָה אוֹ הָאַחַת שֶׁנָּפְלָה הִיא שֶׁאָבְדָה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ אֲסוּרוֹת עַד שֶׁיַּרְבֶּה עֲלֵיהֶן חֻלִּין מִמָּקוֹם אַחֵר וְיוֹסִיף עֲלֵיהֶן חֲמִשִּׁים תְּאֵנִים וְאַחַת יוֹתֵר עַל הַכּל. וְאִם נָפְלָה אַחַת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ חֲמִשִּׁים וְאַחַת וְאָבְדָה אַחַת מִן הַכּל הֻתַּר הַשְּׁאָר לְזָרִים:

If, [after a fig that is terumah fell into 50 other figs, and then] one of the mixture becomes lost, it is possible that one of the ordinary figs was the one that was lost, but it is possible that it was the fig that fell in. Hence, the mixture is forbidden until one adds ordinary produce to it from another source, adding 51 figs to the entire quantity. If one fig fell into 51 figs and one of the mixture was lost, the remainder is permitted to non-priests.

סְאָה תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁלֹּא נִטְּלָה תְּרוּמָתוֹ אוֹ לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ שֶׁלֹּא נִפְדּוּ וְנִדְמַע הַכּל אִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן נָפְלָה יִקְרָא שֵׁם לִתְרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר וְיִמְכֹּר הַכּל לַכֹּהֲנִים חוּץ מִדְּמֵי תְּרוּמָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה וּמִדְּמֵי תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁבּוֹ. וְאִם לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי וְהֶקְדֵּשׁ נָפְלָה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ יִפָּדוּ וְיִמָּכְרוּ לַכֹּהֵן חוּץ מִדְּמֵי תְּרוּמָה:

[The following rules apply when] a se'ah of terumah fell into less than 100 se'ah of the first tithe from which terumat ma'aser was not separated or into [produce from] the second tithe or consecrated property that was not redeemed and the entire mixture became miduma. If [the terumah] fell into the first tithe, the terumat ma'aser should be designated, and the entire mixture sold to the priests with the exception of the worth of the terumah that fell into it and the worth of the terumat ma'aser. is less than that of ordinary produce.The Radbaz mentions another possible solution to this difficulty: If the Levite has a large amount of produce from which terumat ma'aser has not been separated, he may make this entire mixture terumat ma'aser for that produce and in this way, not suffer any financial loss. If it fell into [produce from] the second tithe or consecrated property that was not redeemed, they should be redeemed and then sold to a priest with the exception of the worth of the terumah.

סְאָה תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה חֻלִּין אוֹ מִמַּעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן אוֹ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אוֹ הֶקְדֵּשׁ בֵּין טְמֵאִין בֵּין טְהוֹרִים הוֹאִיל וְנִדְמַע הַכּל הֲרֵי הַכּל כִּתְרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁאֲסוּרָה בַּאֲכִילָה לַכּל וַהֲרֵי הַכּל אָסוּר לְעוֹלָם וּמַנִּיחִים אוֹתָן עַד שֶׁיֵּרָקְבוּ. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין דַּרְכּוֹ לְהֵאָכֵל חַי. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהֵאָכֵל חַי לֹא יַנִּיחָן שֶׁמָּא יִתָּקֵל בָּהֶם וְיֹאכַל מֵהֶן. אֶלָּא יַדְלִיק הַכּל כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁמַּדְלִיקִין תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה:

When a se'ah of impure terumah falls into less than 100 se'ah of ordinary produce or into produce that is from the first tithe, or from the second tithe, or from consecrated property - whether [the latter three] are ritually pure or ritually impure - [the mixture] is miduma. to nullify the se'ah of terumah. Hence, the entire mixture is like impure terumah which is forbidden to everyone. Thus it is all forbidden and must be left until it rots., the entire mixture is considered as terumah. Nevertheless, since it is not impure, it should not be burnt, because it is forbidden to burn pure terumah. This stringency is, however, only observed when there is no danger that the terumah will be eaten, as the Rambam proceeds to explain.When does the above apply? With regard to an entity that is not eaten raw. When, by contrast, it is normal practice to partake of a type of produce uncooked, one should not set them aside lest someone encounter them and partake of it. should be placed in repugnant container so that no one will accidentally partake of it. Instead, the entire mixture should be used as fuel, like impure terumah is used as fuel.

סְאָה תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה חֻלִּין טְמֵאִין יִמָּכֵר הַכּל לַכֹּהֲנִים חוּץ מִדְּמֵי תְּרוּמָה וְהַכֹּהֵן אוֹכֵל מְדֻמָּע זֶה קְלָיוֹת. אוֹ יָלוּשׁ אוֹתוֹ בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת שֶׁאֵינָן מַכְשִׁירִין כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּטָּמֵא הַתְּרוּמָה שֶׁבּוֹ מִן הַחֻלִּין הַטְּמֵאִין. אוֹ יָלוּשׁ מְדֻמָּע זֶה פָּחוֹת מִכַּבֵּיצָה שֶׁאֵין אֹכֶל טָמֵא מְטַמֵּא אֹכֶל אַחֵר עַד שֶׁיִּהְיֶה כַּבֵּיצָה. אוֹ יִתְחַלֵּק מְדֻמָּע זֶה פָּחוֹת מִכַּבֵּיצָה בְּכָל עִסָּה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא תִּטָּמֵא הַתְּרוּמָה שֶׁבּוֹ:

When a se'ah of pure terumah falls into less than 100 se'ah of ordinary produce that is impure, the entire mixture should be sold to a priest with the exception of the worth of the terumah. The priest should eat this mixture which is miduma as roasted kernels to become impure, for produce does not become fit to contract impurity until comes in contact with one of seven liquids (Hilchot Tumat Ochalin 1:1-2). Since the kernels of the terumah are roasted without contact with water, they are never fit to contract impurity. or he should make them into a dough using fruit juice which does not render produce fit to contract impurity, 3; 13:13). so that [contact with] the impure ordinary produce will not render the terumah as impure. becomes impure. It is forbidden to cause terumah to become impure as stated above.Alternatively, he should make this mixture that is miduma into a dough that is less than the size of an egg. [This is beneficial], because impure food does not cause other food to become impure until [the impure food] is the size of an egg. 4:1, 12. Making the mixture into small loaves is the Rambam's interpretation of the term nikudim in the Mishnah (Terumot 5:1). Or he may divide the mixture that is miduma and place a portion of it that is less than the size of an egg in each dough so that the terumah in it will not become impure.

סְאָה תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה חֻלִּין טְהוֹרִין. וְכֵן סְאָה תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה חֻלִּין טְמֵאִין. תַּעֲלֶה בְּאֶחָד וּמֵאָה וְתֵאָכֵל קְלָיוֹת אוֹ תִּלּוֹשׁ בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת אוֹ פָּחוֹת מִכַּבֵּיצָה. שֶׁאֵין הַסְּאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה הִיא הַסְּאָה עַצְמָהּ שֶׁעָלְתָה:

When a se'ah of impure terumah falls into 100 se'ah of ordinary produce that is pure or a se'ah of pure terumah falls into 100 se'ah of ordinary produce that is impure, it should be removed and the terumah is nullified, because the new mixture is 101 times [the size of the terumah that fell in. That se'ah] should be eaten as roasted kernels, or it should be made into dough with fruit juice, or into dough that is less than the size of an egg. [The rationale is that] the se'ah which fell in is not [necessarily] the se'ah that was removed.

סְאָה תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְמֵאָה סְאָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה בָּטְלָה בְּמִעוּט וְאוֹכְלִין הַכּל בְּטָהֳרָה. וְאִם נָפְלָה לְפָחוֹת מִמֵּאָה יַנִּיחַ הַכּל עַד שֶׁיֵּרָקֵב:

When a se'ah of impure terumah falls into 100 se'ah of pure terumah, it is nullified because of the insignificant amount and the entire mixture should be eaten in a state of ritual purity. If it fell into less than 100, he should leave the entire mixture until it rots.

שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת שֶׁנָּפְלָה סְאָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן וְנוֹדַע לְאֵי זוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלָה סְאָה שְׁנִיָּה וְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵי זוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה. אוֹמְרִים לְמָקוֹם שֶׁנָּפְלָה רִאשׁוֹנָה נָפְלָה שְׁנִיָּה לְפִי שֶׁתּוֹלִין אֶת הַקַּלְקָלָה בַּמְקֻלְקָל. נָפְלָה סְאָה רִאשׁוֹנָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶם וְאֵין יָדוּעַ לְאֵי זוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה וְאַחַר כָּךְ נָפְלָה סְאָה שְׁנִיָּה וְנוֹדַע לְאֵי זוֹ מֵהֶן נָפְלָה. אֵין אוֹמְרִים לְמָקוֹם שֶׁנָּפְלָה שְׁנִיָּה נָפְלָה רִאשׁוֹנָה אֶלָּא שְׁתֵּיהֶן מְקֻלְקָלוֹת:

There were two containers [of grain, each containing less than 100 se'ah]. A se'ah of terumah fell into one of them and it was known into which one it fell.. Afterwards, a second se'ah of terumah fell into one of them, but it was not known into which it fell. [The rationale is that] we assume that the second se'ah fell into the same place as the first se'ah, for we associate the problematic issue with the [previous] problem.If, however, the first se'ah fell into one of the containers, but it was not known into which it fell and afterwards, a second se'ah fell into one and it was known into which one it fell, we do not say that the first one fell into the same place as the second. Instead, both are considered to be problematic.. The rationale is that the problematic status of the two containers was established before the second one fell in and the fact that we know into which one it fell cannot resolve the existing problem.Rav Yosef Korcus maintains that this is the interpretation of the Rambam's ruling. Nevertheless, he and the Radbaz both maintain that this law applies even if the first container contains 100 se'ah and the first se'ah is nullified. Since one se'ah has to be removed from it, it can also be considered as problematic.

הָיוּ שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת אַחַת טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת טְהוֹרָה וְנָפְלָה סְאָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה לְאַחַת מֵהֶן וְאֵין יָדוּעַ אֵי זוֹ הִיא אוֹמְרִין לְתוֹךְ הַטְּמֵאָה נָפְלָה:

If there were two containers [of grain], one ritually pure and one ritually impure, explains that this law applies whether the grain in the containers was terumah or ordinary produce. and a se'ah of terumah fell into one and it was not known into which, we assume that it fell into the impure one.

שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת אַחַת תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה וְאַחַת שֶׁל חֻלִּין טְמֵאִין נָפְלָה סְאָה תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן אוֹמְרִין לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה נָפְלָה וְהַחֻלִּין יֵאָכְלוּ בְּטָהֳרָה כִּתְרוּמָה:

When there are two containers, one containing pure terumah suggests that the text should read "impure terumah." and one containing impure ordinary produce, suggests that the text should read "pure ordinary produce." His rationale for these emendations is that if the ordinary produce is impure, it is not proper to say that it should be "eaten in a state of ritual purity." With these emendations, he resolves the objections of the Ra'avad. As will be explained, the Radbaz offers an interpretation that preserves the standard version of the text. should a se'ah of pure terumah fall into one of them, we assume that it fell into the one containing terumah.) with the existing terumah (Radbaz). The ordinary produce should, however, be eaten in a state of ritual purity like terumah. did indeed fall into the container containing terumah. Were it to have fallen into the other container, it would be forbidden to prepare a dough from it in the ordinary manner, because that would cause the terumah to contract ritual impurity which is forbidden.

נָפְלָה סְאָה תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן אוֹמְרִין לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה נָפְלָה וְהַחֻלִּין יֵאָכְלוּ קְלָיוֹת בְּטָהֳרָה כִּתְרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה:

[18-19] which is based on authentic manuscripts and early printing. The standard printed text is both redundant and problematic. When a se'ah of impure terumah falls into one of the above mentioned containers, we say that it fell into the terumah. fell into terumah. The ordinary produce should, however, be eaten as roasted kernels or made into dough with fruit juice.

סְאָה תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה שֶׁנָּפְלָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן אוֹמְרִין לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה נָפְלָה וְהַחֻלִּין יֵאָכְלוּ קְלָיוֹת אוֹ יִלּוֹשׁוּ בְּמֵי פֵּרוֹת:

—

שְׁתֵּי קֻפּוֹת אַחַת שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה וְאַחַת שֶׁל חֻלִּין טְהוֹרִין וְנָפְלָה סְאָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה טְהוֹרָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן אוֹמְרִין לְתוֹךְ שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה נָפְלָה וְהַחֻלִּין יֵאָכְלוּ קְלָיוֹת:

When there are two containers, one containing impure terumah and the other ordinary produce that is pure, and a se'ah of pure terumah falls into one of them, suggests inverting the words pure and impure in the text. Otherwise, this ruling would be a contradiction to Halachah 17. we assume that it fell into the terumah,. but the ordinary produce should be eaten as roasted kernels. will not be subject to contracting ritual impurity (Kessef Mishneh).

נָפְלָה סְאָה שֶׁל תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה לְתוֹךְ אַחַת מֵהֶן שְׁתֵּיהֶן אֲסוּרוֹת שֶׁסְּפֵק תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה אָסוּר וּסְפֵק הַמְדֻמָּע מֻתָּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאִסּוּר תְּרוּמָה טְמֵאָה מִן הַתּוֹרָה וְאִסּוּר הַמְדֻמָּע מִדִּבְרֵיהֶן עַל הָעִקָּרִים שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ בְּהִלְכוֹת אִסּוּרֵי מַאֲכָלוֹת:

If a se'ah of impure terumah fell into one of these containers, both of them are forbidden. fell into the produce that was already problematic or that terumah fell into terumah are not granted, because, as the Rambam continues to explain, here a Scriptural prohibition is involved. [The rationale is that when] there is a doubt [whether produce is] impure terumah, it is forbidden to be eaten, while when there is a doubt whether it is miduma, it is permitted. For the prohibition against partaking of impure terumah is Scriptural in origin, does not become nullified because it was mixed with a larger quantity of other produce. while the prohibition against partaking of a mixture that is miduma is Rabbinic in origin produce, the terumah is nullified. based on the principles explained in Hilchot Ma'achalot Assurot.