Mishneh Torah — Sabbath (Shabbat) הלכות שבת, Chapter 26

כָּל כְּלֵי הָאוֹרֵג וַחֲבָלָיו וְקָנִים שֶׁלּוֹ מֻתָּר לְטַלְטְלָן כִּכְלִי שֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹ לְאִסּוּר חוּץ מִכֹּבֶד הָעֶלְיוֹן וְכֹבֶד הַתַּחְתּוֹן לְפִי שֶׁאֵין נִטָּלִין מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן תְּקוּעִין. וְכֵן הָעַמּוּדִים שֶׁל אוֹרֵג אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָן שֶׁמָּא יְתַקֵּן הַגֻּמּוֹת שֶׁלָּהֶן. וּשְׁאָר כְּלֵי הָאוֹרֵג מֻתָּרִין:

All the utensils used for weaving, including the cords and the reeds, may be carried [according to the rules governing] other utensils that are used for forbidden tasks. An exception is made regarding the upper weaver's beam and the lower weaver's beam. They may not be carried, because they are [usually] fixed [within the loom]. writes that, for this reason, it is as though they are not considered to be utensils.Similarly, the pillars [of the loam] may not be moved, lest one fill the hole [in the earth created when they are removed]. It is permitted to move the other utensils of a weaver. 15:2, which mention the use of a weaver's rope.

מִכְבָּדוֹת שֶׁל תְּמָרָה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן שֶׁמְּכַבְּדִין בָּהֶן אֶת הַקַּרְקַע הֲרֵי הֵן כִּכְלִי שֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹ לְהֶתֵּר שֶׁהֲרֵי מֻתָּר לְכַבֵּד בְּשַׁבָּת. לְבֵנִים שֶׁנִּשְׁאֲרוּ מִן הַבִּנְיָן הֲרֵי הֵן כִּכְלִי שֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹ לְהֶתֵּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁרְאוּיִין לְהָסֵב עֲלֵיהֶן שֶׁהֲרֵי שָׁפִין אוֹתָן וּמְתַקְּנִין אוֹתָן. וְאִם צָבַר אוֹתָן הֲרֵי הִקְצָם וְאָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָם:

Brooms made of date branches and the like, which are used to sweep the ground, are considered utensils that are used for a permitted purpose, since sweeping is permitted on the Sabbath. 337:2), who forbids sweeping with these brooms even on a paved floor, a broom would be considered a utensil used for a forbidden purpose. The notes on that halachah mention the views of the later authorities.Bricks that remain after a building [was completed] are considered utensils that are used for a permitted purpose, for they are fit to recline upon, 124b, states "to sit upon.", as is obvious from the fact that they are filed and adjusted for this purpose. 306:73.) If, however, one collects them, [it is evident] that they have been set aside [for building], and it is forbidden to carry them.

חֶרֶס קְטַנָּה מֻתָּר לְטַלְטְלָהּ אֲפִלּוּ בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים הוֹאִיל וּרְאוּיָה הִיא בְּחָצֵר לְכַסּוֹת בָּהּ פִּי כְּלִי קָטָן. מְגוּפַת חָבִית שֶׁנִּתְכַּתְתָּה הִיא וּשְׁבָרֶיהָ מֻתָּר לְטַלְטְלָהּ וְאִם זְרָקָהּ לָאַשְׁפָּה מִבְּעוֹד יוֹם אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָהּ. כְּלִי שֶׁנִּתְרוֹעֵעַ לֹא יִתְלֹשׁ מִמֶּנּוּ חֶרֶס לְכַסּוֹת בּוֹ אוֹ לִסְמֹךְ בּוֹ:

A small shard may be carried, even in the public domain. 306:7). Needless to say, one may carry it only less than four cubits.[This leniency is granted] because it is fit to be used in a courtyard to cover the opening of a small utensil. and the Shulchan Aruch (loc. cit.) emphasize, this leniency applies only to the broken pieces of a utensil. Since it was originally considered a utensil, it remains in this category as long as it can serve a useful purpose. In contrast, a stone is not considered a utensil, even though it is fit to cover another utensil, unless it is designated for this purpose. [When] the stopper of a barrel has been cut off, both it and its broken pieces are permitted to be carried. If one threw it into a garbage dump 308:7.) before the commencement of the Sabbath,). carrying it is forbidden.When a utensil has been broken [but not shattered into pieces], one should not remove a shard from it to use to cover [another utensil] or to use as a support.

מֻתָּר לְהַכְנִיס לְבֵית הַכִּסֵּא שָׁלֹשׁ אֲבָנִים מְקֻרְזָלוֹת לְקַנֵּחַ בָּהֶן וְכַמָּה שִׁעוּרָן כִּמְלֹא הַיָּד. אֲבָל אֲדָמָה שֶׁהִיא קְרוֹבָה לְהִתְפָּרֵךְ אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָהּ לְקַנֵּחַ בָּהּ. וּמֻתָּר לְהַעֲלוֹת אֲבָנִים לַגַּג לְקַנֵּחַ בָּהֶן. יָרְדוּ עֲלֵיהֶן גְּשָׁמִים וְנִשְׁתַּקְעוּ בְּטִיט אִם רִשּׁוּמָן נִכָּר מֻתָּר לְטַלְטֵל. אֶבֶן שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלֶיהָ טִנּוּף שֶׁוַּדַּאי לְקַנֵּחַ הִיא מֻתָּר לְטַלְטְלָהּ וַאֲפִלּוּ הִיא גְּדוֹלָה:

It is permitted to bring three rounded renders the term מקורזלות as "sharp." stones into a lavatory to clean oneself. 312:1): According to one opinion, it is permitted to carry these stones only in one's own courtyard; i.e., only the prohibition against carrying stones is lifted. A second opinion, however, maintains that the prohibition against bringing an article from a carmelit into the private domain is also lifted in this instance. Shulchan Aruch HaRav 312:4 and the Mishnah Berurah 312:8 favor the latter view. Of what size may they be? A fistful.).A clod of earth, by contrast, which is likely to crumble, is forbidden to be taken to clean oneself. 81a) relates that since the earth is likely to crumble - and then it will no longer be useful for this purpose - the prohibition against carrying it was never lifted.It is permitted to take these stones up to a roof [so that one will be able] to clean oneself with them.) and the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 312:1) explain that carrying the stones might entail extraordinary difficulty, which is normally forbidden on the Sabbath. An exception is made in this instance, however, for the reasons mentioned above. When rain descends upon them and they sink in the mud, they may be taken if there is a distinct mark [showing their location].[When] a stone has filth on it, one can be certain that it is used to clean oneself. Therefore, carrying it is permitted it even though it is large. 312:6 mentions that it is permitted to carry toilet paper. Although paper is generally considered to be muktzeh, since the purpose for which this paper is used is clearly designated, it is not placed in this category. The Mishnah Berurah, however, emphasizes that tearing the paper on the Sabbath is forbidden.

הָיָה לְפָנָיו צְרוֹר וְחֶרֶשׂ מְקַנֵּחַ בַּצְּרוֹר וְאִם הָיָה הַחֶרֶשׂ מֵאוֹגְנֵי כֵּלִים מְקַנֵּחַ בַּחֶרֶשׂ. הָיוּ לְפָנָיו צְרוֹר וַעֲשָׂבִים אִם הָיוּ עֲשָׂבִים רַכִּים מְקַנֵּחַ בָּהֶן וְאִם לָאו מְקַנֵּחַ בַּצְּרוֹר:

Should a person have a choice of [using] a stone or an earthenware shard [to clean himself], one should use the stone. 82a).If, however, the shard comes from the handle of a utensil, one should use the shard. as the stones are.[The following rules apply when] a person has a choice of [using] a stone or grass: If the grass is soft, one should use it.. Therefore, using it is preferable to using the stone. Note the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 312:6), which states that one may use grasses that are still attached to the ground, provided one does not uproot them. If not, one should use the stone.:5).

שְׁיָרֵי מַחְצְלָאוֹת שֶׁבָּלוּ הֲרֵי הֵן כִּכְלִי שֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹ לְהֶתֵּר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁרְאוּיִין לְכַסּוֹת בָּהֶן הַטִּנּוּף. אֲבָל שְׁיָרֵי בְּגָדִים שֶׁבָּלוּ שֶׁאֵין בָּהֶן שְׁלֹשָׁה עַל שְׁלֹשָׁה אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָן שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִין לֹא לַעֲנִיִּים וְלֹא לַעֲשִׁירִים. שִׁבְרֵי הַתַּנּוּר מֻתָּר לְטַלְטְלָן וַהֲרֵי הֵן כְּכָל הַכֵּלִים שֶׁמְּלַאכְתָּן לְהֶתֵּר. כִּירָה שֶׁנִּשְׁמְטָה אַחַת מִיַּרְכוֹתֶיהָ אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָהּ שֶׁמָּא יִתְקַע:

The remnants of mats that have become tattered are considered utensils that may be used for a permitted purpose, for they are fit to be used to cover filth.. This ruling is quoted by the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 308:12). In contrast, the remnants of clothes cites the Ra'avad who states that this refers to the remnants of a tallit used for prayer, which are inappropriate to be used to clean filth. The Rambam, however, interprets this as referring to the remnants of all garments. Although the Shulchan Aruch (loc. cit.:13) quotes both views, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 308:41 favors the Rambam's opinion, explaining that even though smaller pieces of cloth are fit to be used to clean filth, this does not cause them to be considered to be a כלי, "useful article," unless they are explicitly designated for this purpose. Therefore, they are placed in the category of muktzeh like stones. that are less than three [thumbbreadths] by three [thumbbreadths], 22:20). and have become tattered may not be carried, for they are not fit - neither for the poor nor for the rich. (op. cit.) mentions that a cloth three thumbbreadths by three thumbbreadths is fit only for the poor. A rich person, by contrast, will not consider a cloth valuable until it is a minimum of three handbreadths by three handbreadths. Shulchan Aruch HaRav 308:41 and the Mishnah Berurah 308:52 also apply these concepts with regard to our present halachah.The broken pieces of an oven are permitted to be carried; they are considered to be like all other utensils that are permitted to be carried. When, however, one leg of a range has slipped from its place, it may not be carried, lest one affix [it in its place]. 308:16) applies this concept to other articles - e.g., a bench that has one leg broken off.

סֻלָּם שֶׁל עֲלִיָּה אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו תּוֹרַת כְּלִי. וְשֶׁל שׁוֹבָךְ מֻתָּר לְהַטּוֹתוֹ. אֲבָל לֹא יוֹלִיכוֹ מִשּׁוֹבָךְ לְשׁוֹבָךְ שֶׁלֹּא יַעֲשֶׂה כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁהוּא עוֹשֶׂה בְּחל וְיָבוֹא לָצוּד. קָנֶה שֶׁמּוֹסְקִין בּוֹ הַזֵּיתִים אִם יֵשׁ עָלָיו תּוֹרַת כְּלִי הֲרֵי הוּא כִּכְלִי שֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹ לְאִסּוּר. קָנֶה שֶׁהִתְקִינוֹ בַּעַל הַבַּיִת לִהְיוֹת פּוֹתֵחַ וְנוֹעֵל בּוֹ אִם יֵשׁ תּוֹרַת כְּלִי עָלָיו הֲרֵי הוּא כִּכְלִי שֶׁמְּלַאכְתּוֹ לְהֶתֵּר:

A ladder leading to a loft is forbidden to be carried [on the Sabbath], since it is not considered to be a utensil. 3:7, from which one can derive the following: A ladder leading to a loft is usually left there permanently. Therefore, it is a heavy structure that is not considered to be a כלי, a utensil, but rather a permanent part of the building's structure.) [A ladder leading] to a dovecote [by contrast, is not considered muktzeh draws attention to Hilchot Sh'vitat Yom Tov 5:4, which states that the only reason the Sages permitted moving such a ladder on a holiday was to allow for festive joy (i.e., to permit one to bring doves to slaughter). Therefore, on the Sabbath, when slaughtering is forbidden, there is no reason to allow one to move such a ladder. A household ladder, by contrast, may be moved (Mishnah Berurah 308:78). and] is permitted to be tilted. One should not, however, carry it from one dovecote to another, lest one follow one's ordinary course of conduct and come to snare [the doves].[The following rule governs the use of] a rod that is used to harvest olives: 17:3). When it is categorized as a utensil, (Orach Chayim 313:1), which states that for a reed to be "categorized as a utensil," it is not sufficient merely to think about using it for that purpose; one must actually adapt the article to fit the purpose for which it is intended to be used. it is considered to be a utensil that is used for a forbidden purpose. [The following rule governs the use of] a reed that is adjusted by a homeowner to open and lock [his door]: When it is categorized as a utensil, (Orach Chayim 313:1) mentions two perspectives on this matter. Rashi states that one must prepare the reed for use as a utensil that can be employed for other purposes. Otherwise, using it as a door stop will be considered to be building. Rabbenu Tam explains that as long as the reed is prepared for use as a door stop, it is sufficient.Although in this halachah, the Rambam's perspective appears to follow that of Rashi, in his gloss to Chapter 23, Halachah 13, the Maggid Mishneh states that the Rambam follows the position of Rabbenu Tam. The later authorities agree that one may rely on Rabbenu Tam's view (Shulchan Aruch HaRav 313:2; Mishnah Berurah 313:7). it is considered to be a utensil that is used for a permitted purpose.

דֶּלֶת שֶׁהָיָה לָהּ צִיר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין לָהּ עַתָּה צִיר שֶׁהֱכִינָהּ לִסְתֹּם בָּהּ מָקוֹם מֻקְצֶה וְהִיא נִגְרֶרֶת שֶׁנּוֹטְלִין אוֹתָהּ וְסוֹתְמִין בָּהּ. וְכֵן חֲדָקִים שֶׁסּוֹתְמִין בָּהֶן הַפִּרְצָה. וְכֵן מַחְצֶלֶת הַנִּגְרֶרֶת. בִּזְמַן שֶׁקְּשׁוּרִין וּתְלוּיִין בַּכֹּתֶל סוֹתְמִין בָּהֶן וְנוֹעֲלִים בָּהֶם וְאִם לָאו אֵין נוֹעֲלִין בָּהֶן. וְאִם הָיוּ גְּבוֹהִים מֵעַל הָאָרֶץ נוֹעֲלִין בָּהֶן:

[The following rules apply to] a door (Orach Chayim 313:3) follows Rashi's view. that once had a hinge - though at present it does not have a hinge - which is prepared to close a yard, 101a) and the Shulchan Aruch (loc. cit.). More precisely, in his Commentary on the Mishnah (Eruvin 10:8), the Rambam defines the Hebrew term מוקצה as "a distinct place that is not used for any purpose, nor is it required by its owner - e.g., a barn or stable."The Shulchan Aruch emphasizes that the ruling concerning moving the partition used as a door is dependent on the fact that this enclosure is used infrequently. If an entrance that is frequently used were closed with such a partition, it would be considered as having been set aside for this purpose. However, since this is not the case, there is reason for the restrictions mentioned. but which drags on the ground when it is opened and closed: If the door is attached to and hanging on the wall, it may be used to close the space and may be locked. If not, it may not be used to close the space. If the door is [suspended] above the ground, it may be used to close the space. states that the Rambam's wording appears to indicate that two criteria must be met: The partition used as a door must have at least the remnant of a hinge, and it must either be attached to the wall or be suspended above the ground. He objects to this conception, explaining that based on Eruvin 101a, it would appear that if a partition is suspended above the ground, it is considered to be a door even if it never had a hinge.The Maggid Mishneh states, however, that it is possible that the Rambam also shares this conception. (Merkevet HaMishneh postulates that he surely does. Otherwise, the Rambam's words would be redundant, since it is impossible for a door to be suspended above the ground unless it hangs from the wall or is attached by a hinge.) The Maggid Mishneh's view is quoted by the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 313:3). The same rules apply to a [partition made from] brambles or a mat that drags on the floor.

דֶּלֶת שֶׁהָיָה לָהּ לוּחַ אֶחָד שֶׁשּׁוֹמְטִין אוֹתָהּ וְנוֹעֲלִין בָּהּ אִם לֹא הָיָה לָהּ לְמַטָּה כֵּן כְּמוֹ אַסְקֻפָּה שֶׁמּוֹכִיחַ עָלֶיהָ שֶׁהִיא כְּלִי מוּכָן לִנְעִילָה אֵין נוֹעֲלִין בָּהּ. וְאִם יֵשׁ לְמַטָּה אַסְקֻפָּה נוֹעֲלִים בָּהּ. וְכֵן נֶגֶר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּרֹאשׁוֹ קְלֻסְטְרָא שֶׁמּוֹכַחַת עָלָיו שֶׁהוּא כְּלִי מוּכָן לִנְעִילָה וְאֵינוֹ קוֹרָה כִּשְׁאָר כָּל הַקּוֹרוֹת נוֹעֲלִין בּוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת:

[The following rules apply to] a door that is made from a single piece of wood and which is placed in [a doorway] to close it and removed [to open it]. If [the doorway] does not have a base at the bottom that resembles a doorstep that would indicate that [the door] is a utensil that is used for [opening and] closing, [the door] may not be used to close [the doorway]. If [the doorway] has a doorstep, one may use [the door]. (Orach Chayim 313:4), which states that even if the entrance has a doorstep, since it is uncommon to use a door made of a single piece of wood, such a door may not be used on the Sabbath. Moreover, the Shulchan Aruch continues, this prohibition applies even when the door has a hinge.The Magen Avraham 313:8 and other later authorities, however, maintain that one may rely on the Rambam's opinion if a door is used frequently as an entrance and an exit. This is surely true in the present age, when it is very common for doors to be made from a single piece of wood.Similarly, a bolt that has a bulb at its end that indicates that it is a utensil used to bolt a door, and is not merely an ordinary beam, may be used to bolt a door on the Sabbath. 10:10 relates that there was a synagogue in Tiberias that had such a bolt. Its congregants refrained from using it on the Sabbath until Rabban Gamliel and the elders ruled that using it was permitted.In this instance as well, the Shulchan Aruch (loc. cit:1) is more stringent and requires the bolt to be tied to the door even when it has a bulb at the end. (See the following halachah and notes.)

נֶגֶר שֶׁאֵין בְּרֹאשׁוֹ קְלֻסְטְרָא אִם הָיָה קָשׁוּר וְתָלוּי בַּדֶּלֶת נוֹעֲלִין בּוֹ. וְכֵן אִם הָיָה נִטָּל וְאֶגְדּוֹ עִמּוֹ. אֲבָל אִם הָיָה אֶגְדּוֹ קָבוּעַ בַּדֶּלֶת וְהָיָה הַנֶּגֶר נִשְׁמָט כְּמוֹ קוֹרָה וּמַנִּיחִין אוֹתוֹ בַּזָּוִית וְחוֹזְרִין וְנוֹעֲלִין בּוֹ בְּעֵת שֶׁרוֹצִין הֲרֵי זֶה אָסוּר לִנְעל בּוֹ שֶׁאֵין עָלָיו תּוֹרַת כְּלִי וְאֵינוֹ אָגוּד וְאֵין בּוֹ אֶגֶד לְהוֹכִיחַ עָלָיו:

[The following rules apply to] a bolt that does not have a bulb at its end: If it is tied to the door and suspended from it, we may use it to bolt the door on the Sabbath. [This ruling] also applies when it is carried together with the rope attaching it to the door.).The Ra'avad objects to the Rambam's interpretation of the Hebrew ניטל באגדו. Instead, he offers a different explanation: that the rope with which the beam is attached to the door with a knot that is strong enough to hold the beam when it is removed. This is the interpretation that Rav Yosef Karo follows in the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 313:1).If, by contrast, the rope attaching it is fixed permanently to the door and the bolt is removed like a beam, placed in a corner, and then reattached when one desires, its use as a bolt is forbidden [on the Sabbath]. were in effect there. Outside of the Temple, using such a bolt was prohibited for the reasons mentioned by the Rambam (or according to others, because this resembles building, Eruvin 102a). This is forbidden because [the bolt] is not considered to be a utensil, nor is there any indication [that it is being used as a utensil], for it is not attached to the door, nor is it connected to a rope. explains that in that instance, leniency was granted only when the piece of wood is prepared for that purpose. In the present halachah, by contrast, nothing has been done to indicate that the bolt is set aside for purposeful use.It must be emphasized that the Shulchan Aruch (loc. cit.) takes a different perspective and maintains that the restrictions were instituted lest it appear that one is building when using such a door. According to this perspective, unless the conditions mentioned above are met, it is forbidden to use this bolt, even if it was prepared for this purpose before the Sabbath.

מְנוֹרָה שֶׁל חֻלְיוֹת בֵּין גְּדוֹלָה בֵּין קְטַנָּה אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין אוֹתָהּ שֶׁמָּא יַחֲזִירֶנָהּ בְּשַׁבָּת. הָיוּ בָּהּ חֲדָקִים וְהִיא נִרְאֵית כְּבַעֲלַת חֻלְיוֹת. אִם הָיְתָה גְּדוֹלָה הַנִּטֶּלֶת בִּשְׁתֵּי יָדַיִם אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָהּ מִפְּנֵי כָּבְדָהּ. הָיְתָה קְטַנָּה מִזּוֹ מֻתָּר לְטַלְטְלָהּ:

A candelabrum that is made of several separate parts may not be moved on the Sabbath. [This restriction applies] regardless of whether it is large or small. [Why was this prohibition instituted? As a safeguard] lest [it fall apart and] one reconstruct it on the Sabbath.[The following rules apply when] a candelabrum has grooves and thus appears to resemble one that is made from several parts: If it is large and can be carried only with two hands, carrying it is forbidden because of its weight. questions the phrase "because of its weight," for seemingly Shabbat 46a considers that as another rationale for stringency, not at all dependent on the fact that the candelabrum has grooves. Indeed, these rationales offered by two separate sages seem to be mutually exclusive. He and other commentators attempt to resolve this difficulty. Rav Kapach notes that many authoritative manuscripts of the Mishneh Torah omit this problematic phrase. If it is smaller than that, carrying it is permitted. (Orach Chayim 279:7), Rav Yosef Karo follows the reasoning he mentions in his Kessef Mishneh and forbids the use of all candelabra with grooves, whether large or small.

מִנְעָל שֶׁעַל גַּבֵּי הָאִמּוּם שׁוֹמְטִין אוֹתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת. מַכְבֵּשׁ שֶׁל בַּעֲלֵי בָּתִּים מַתִּירִין אֲבָל לֹא כּוֹבְשִׁין. וְשֶׁל כּוֹבְסִין לֹא יִגַּע בּוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מֻקְצֶה מֵחֲמַת חֶסְרוֹן כִּיס. וְכֵן גִּזֵּי צֶמֶר אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין אוֹתָן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַקְפִּיד עֲלֵיהֶן. לְפִיכָךְ אִם יִחֲדָן לְתַשְׁמִישׁ מֻתָּרִין. וְהַשְּׁלָחִין מֻתָּר לְטַלְטְלָן בֵּין שֶׁהָיוּ שֶׁל בַּעַל הַבַּיִת אוֹ שֶׁל אֻמָּן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַקְפִּיד עֲלֵיהֶם:

We may remove a shoe from a shoemaker's block on the Sabbath. (Orach Chayim 308:14)]. We may release a clothes press belonging to an ordinary person on the Sabbath. We may not, however, set the press in place. 141a) explains that putting clothes in a press is forbidden, because it appears to be an activity performed for the sake of the weekdays that follow, and not for sake of the Sabbath itself. A press belonging to a launderer should not be touched at all; it is set aside not to be used, because of the financial loss [that might be incurred through its improper use].) offers a different rationale for this prohibition: that setting up a professional press resembles building and opening it resembles the labor of demolishing. The Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 302:4) quotes Rashi's view.Similarly, unprocessed rolls of wool may not be carried, 49a,b mentions the use of such wool for the purpose of insulating food to keep it warm. because [their owner] objects [to their use for purposes other than spinning fabric]. (Orach Chayim 259:1), which follows the ruling of Rabbenu Asher (in his gloss on Shabbat 49a), who permits picking up such rolls if they are used as insulation, unless they are explicitly set aside for sale. Although these rolls are generally used for spinning wool, since they are not very valuable, the fact that they are employed for the purpose of insulation is sufficient for them to be considered to have been set aside for that purpose (Mishnah Berurah 259:6). Therefore, if they have been set aside for a particular purpose, 259:2, which states that they must be set aside to be used for this purpose - e.g., insulation - forever. It is not sufficient that one decide to use them for this purpose on merely one Sabbath. it is permitted to use them. Unprocessed hides - regardless of whether they belong to a private person or to a [leather] craftsman - may be carried,). because [their owner] does not object to their [use]. 308:25) mentions an opinion that states that this leniency applies only to cow hides, but not to sheep hides. The later authorities, however, do not accept this view (Mishnah Berurah 308:107).

כָּל דָּבָר מְטֻנָּף כְּגוֹן רְעִי וְקִיא וְצוֹאָה וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן אִם הָיוּ בְּחָצֵר שֶׁיּוֹשְׁבִין בָּהּ מֻתָּר לְהוֹצִיאָן לְאַשְׁפָּה אוֹ לְבֵית הַכִּסֵּא וְזֶה הוּא הַנִּקְרָא גְּרָף שֶׁל רְעִי. וְאִם הָיוּ בְּחָצֵר אַחֶרֶת כּוֹפִין עֲלֵיהֶן כְּלִי כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יֵצֵא הַקָּטָן וְיִתְלַכְלֵךְ בָּהֶן. רֹק שֶׁעַל הַקַּרְקַע דּוֹרְסוֹ לְפִי תֻּמּוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ. מְטַלְטְלִין כְּנוּנָא מִפְּנֵי אֶפְרוֹ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו שִׁבְרֵי עֵצִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא כִּגְרָף שֶׁל רְעִי. וְאֵין עוֹשִׂין גְּרָף שֶׁל רְעִי לְכַתְּחִלָּה בְּשַׁבָּת. אֲבָל אִם נַעֲשָׂה מֵאֵלָיו אוֹ שֶׁעָבַר וְעָשָׂהוּ מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ:

All filth - e.g., feces, vomit, excrement, and the like - that is located in a courtyard where [people] are dwelling may be removed to a dung heap or to a latrine. Such entities are referred to as a chamber pot. If it is located in another courtyard, it should be covered by a utensil so that a child will not become soiled by it.One may step on spittle that is lying on the ground without taking any notice of it. One may carry a warming-pan because of its ash. [This leniency is granted] despite the fact that it contains chips of wood, (Orach Chayim 310:8) quotes the Ra'avad's interpretation. because it is equivalent to a chamber pot.At the outset, we may not bring about the creation of a repulsive entity (Orach Chayim 308:36). on the Sabbath. If, however, [such an entity] comes about as a natural process, or one transgresses and creates it, it may be removed.

שֶׁמֶן שֶׁיּוֹצֵא מִתַּחַת הַקּוֹרָה שֶׁל בֵּית הַבַּד בְּשַׁבָּת וְכֵן תְּמָרִים וּשְׁקֵדִים הַמּוּכָנִים לִסְחוֹרָה מֻתָּר לְאָכְלָם בְּשַׁבָּת. וַאֲפִלּוּ אוֹצָר שֶׁל תְּבוּאָה אוֹ תְּבוּאָה צְבוּרָה מַתְחִיל לְהִסְתַּפֵּק מִמֶּנָּה בְּשַׁבָּת שֶׁאֵין שׁוּם אֹכֶל שֶׁהוּא מֻקְצֶה בְּשַׁבָּת כְּלָל אֶלָּא הַכּל מוּכָן הוּא. חוּץ מִגְּרוֹגָרוֹת וְצִמּוּקִין שֶׁבַּמֻּקְצֶה בִּזְמַן שֶׁמְּיַבְּשִׁים אוֹתָם הוֹאִיל וּמַסְרִיחוֹת בֵּינְתַיִם וְאֵינָם רְאוּיִין לַאֲכִילָה הֲרֵי הֵן אֲסוּרִין בְּשַׁבָּת מִשּׁוּם מֻקְצֶה. חָבִית שֶׁנִּתְגַּלְּתָה וַאֲבַטִּיחַ שֶׁנִּשְׁבְּרָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִין לַאֲכִילָה נוֹטְלָן וּמַנִּיחָן בְּמָקוֹם הַמֻּצְנָע. כַּיּוֹצֵא בּוֹ קָמֵעַ שֶׁאֵינוֹ מֻמְחֶה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵין יוֹצְאִין בּוֹ מְטַלְטְלִין אוֹתוֹ. מוֹתַר הַשֶּׁמֶן שֶׁבַּנֵּר וְשֶׁבַּקְּעָרָה שֶׁהִדְלִיקוּ בָּהֶן בְּאוֹתָהּ שַׁבָּת אָסוּר לְהִסְתַּפֵּק מִמֶּנּוּ בְּאוֹתָהּ שַׁבָּת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מֻקְצֶה מֵחֲמַת אִסּוּר:

It is permitted to partake of oil that flows from beneath the beam of an olive press on the Sabbath 19b) who permits the use of nolad (objects that come into existence on the Sabbath). and from dates and almonds that are prepared to be sold. One may even begin to take grain from a storehouse or from a grain pile on the Sabbath, for food never becomes muktzeh on the Sabbath at all. On the contrary, all [types of food] are [always] prepared for use. (Orach Chayim 310:2) states that one may pick up seeds from the ground which fell before the Sabbath that have not become rooted or eggs that were laid before the Sabbath from beneath a chicken. (See also Hilchot Sh'vitat Yom Tov 1:18.)[There is, however, one] exception: figs and raisins that have been set aside to dry. Since they pass through an intermediate stage when they become repulsive and are unfit to eat, they are considered muktzeh and are forbidden [to be carried] on the Sabbath. (ibid.) states that there are two drawbacks to such fruit: a) it is unfit to be eaten; b) the owners intentionally set it aside, not to be used until it became dried. Therefore, the restriction is placed upon it.A barrel [of wine] or a watermelon that was opened may be carried and stored away, even though it is no longer fit to eat. 11:9, which explains that partaking of such foods is forbidden, because it is possible that a poisonous snake deposited venom there. Similarly, an amulet that has not proven its efficacy may be moved, although one is forbidden to go out [into the public domain] wearing it.The oil that remains in a lamp or in a bowl that was kindled on a particular Sabbath may not be used on that Sabbath. It is muktzeh because of the forbidden [labor with which it was associated beyn hash'mashot].

אוֹצָר שֶׁל תְּבוּאָה אוֹ שֶׁל כַּדֵּי יַיִן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְהִסְתַּפֵּק מִמֶּנּוּ אָסוּר לְהַתְחִיל בּוֹ לְפַנּוֹתוֹ אֶלָּא לִדְבַר מִצְוָה כְּגוֹן שֶׁפִּנָּהוּ לְהַכְנָסַת אוֹרְחִין אוֹ לִקְבֹּעַ בּוֹ בֵּית הַמִּדְרָשׁ וְכֵיצַד מְפַנִּין אוֹתוֹ. כָּל אֶחָד וְאֶחָד מְמַלֵּא אַרְבַּע אוֹ חָמֵשׁ קֻפּוֹת עַד שֶׁגּוֹמְרִין. וְלֹא יְכַבְּדוּ קַרְקָעִיתוֹ שֶׁל אוֹצָר כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ אֶלָּא נִכְנָס וְיוֹצֵא בּוֹ וְעוֹשֶׂה שְׁבִיל בְּרַגְלָיו בִּכְנִיסָתוֹ וּבִיצִיאָתוֹ:

Although taking [produce] from a storehouse of grain or of barrels of wine is permitted, it is forbidden to begin 331) derives the following ruling: If one begins emptying the storehouse before the commencement of the Sabbath, one may complete the removal of its contents on the Sabbath, even if one's purpose is not directly associated with a mitzvah.The Turei Zahav 331:1 objects to this leniency, however, for this appears to be unnecessary work that should not be permitted on the Sabbath. to empty [the storehouse] 18:1, based on Shabbat 127a), the Rambam explains the reason that this restriction was instituted. It is very likely that there are grooves or cavities in the floor of a storeroom, and a person would be tempted to level the floor if he were allowed to empty the entire room. The Turei Zahav 333:1 explains that the prohibition was instituted to prevent a person from exerting himself excessively.Significantly, Shulchan Aruch HaRav 331:1 quotes both rationales, indicating that they are not mutually exclusive. unless this is being done for a purpose associated with a mitzvah - e.g., emptying it to host guests or to establish a hall of study.[In the latter situations,] how should the storehouse be emptied? Every person should take [out] four or five), the Rambam explains that this number is not intended as a limitation. Indeed, every person may take out as many containers as he needs at one time.It must be emphasized that this interpretation is dependent on a version of Shabbat 126b-127a that is not accepted by many other authorities, including the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 333:1). containers until it has been completely [cleared].). See also the Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 333:3). We may not sweep the floor of the storehouse, as has been explained.[Even when one is forbidden to empty the storehouse,] one may enter and leave and create a path with one's feet by entering and leaving.

כָּל שֶׁהוּא רָאוּי לְמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה וְחַיָּה וְעוֹף הַמְּצוּיִין מְטַלְטְלִין אוֹתוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת. כֵּיצַד. מְטַלְטְלִין אֶת הַתֻּרְמוֹס הַיָּבֵשׁ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכָל לְעִזִּים אֲבָל לֹא אֶת הַלַּח. אֶת הֶחָצָב מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכָל לִצְבָאִים. אֶת הַחַרְדָּל מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכָל לְיוֹנִים. אֶת הָעֲצָמוֹת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהֵן מַאֲכָל לִכְלָבִים. וְכֵן כָּל הַקְּלִפִּין וְהַגַּרְעִינִין הָרְאוּיִין לְמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה מְטַלְטְלִין אוֹתָן. וְשֶׁאֵינָן רְאוּיִין אוֹכֵל אֶת הָאֹכֶל וְזוֹרְקָן לְאַחֲרָיו וְאָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָן. מְטַלְטְלִין בָּשָׂר תָּפוּחַ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַאֲכָל לְחַיָּה. וּמְטַלְטְלִין בָּשָׂר חַי בֵּין תָּפֵל בֵּין מָלִיחַ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁרָאוּי לְאָדָם. וְכֵן דָּג מָלִיחַ. אֲבָל הַתָּפֵל אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ:

Any substance that is fit to be used as food for an animal, beast, or fowl that is commonly found may be carried on the Sabbath. What is implied? One may carry dry turmos beans because they are food for goats. Fresh [turmos beans,] by contrast, may not [be carried].). [One may carry] chatzav because it is food for deer, mustard seed because it is food for doves, objects to the mention of mustard seed. Although it is used as food for doves, it is also commonly used to prepare food for humans. There is a general principle that whenever a substance is considered to be food both for animals and for humans, it is considered to be set aside for use for humans and not for animals. The Kessef Mishneh, however, justifies the Rambam's ruling.and bones because they are food for dogs.Similarly, we may carry all the shells and seeds [of produce] that are fit to serve as animal fodder. Concerning those that are not fit to be eaten: One should eat the food and throw [the shells or seeds] behind one's back;). Significantly, this point is not emphasized by the later authorities. carrying them is forbidden.One may carry meat that has spoiled, for it is fit to be eaten by beasts. 308:31). One may carry raw meat - whether salted or unsalted, Yoreh De'ah 67:2.) Nevertheless, according to the Rambam (Hilchot Ma'achalot Asurot 6:12), it is necessary to salt raw meat before one eats it. From the juxtaposition of these two rulings, Rav Kapach derives that, according to the Rambam, it is permitted to salt meat on the Sabbath to remove its blood.- because it is fit to be eaten by humans. This ruling applies to [raw] fish that has been salted. By contrast, carrying unsalted [raw] fish is forbidden.

אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין שִׁבְרֵי זְכוּכִית אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מַאֲכָל לְנַעֲמִיּוֹת. וְלֹא חֲבִילֵי זְמוֹרוֹת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מַאֲכָל לְפִילִים. וְלֹא אֶת הַלּוּף אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן מַאֲכָל לְעוֹרְבִים. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵין אֵלּוּ וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן מְצוּיִין אֵצֶל רֹב בְּנֵי אָדָם:

We may not carry broken pieces of glass even though they are edible by ostriches, nor bundles of twigs from a vine even though they are edible by elephants, nor luf, 18:1). even though it is edible by ravens. [These restrictions were instituted] because these and similar [species] are not commonly found among most people. 308:29).

חֲבִילֵי קַשׁ וַחֲבִילֵי זְרָדִין אִם הִתְקִינָן לְמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה מְטַלְטְלִין אוֹתָן וְאִם לָאו אֵין מְטַלְטְלִין אוֹתָן. חֲבִילֵי סֵיאָה פּוּאָה וְאֵזוֹב וְקוֹרָנִית. הִכְנִיסָן לְעֵצִים אֵין מִסְתַּפֵּק מֵהֶם בְּשַׁבָּת. לְמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה מִסְתַּפֵּק מֵהֶן. וְכֵן בַּאֲמִינְתָּא וְכֵן בְּפֵיגָם וְכֵן בִּשְׁאָר מִינֵי תַּבְלִין:

[The following rules apply to] bundles of straw, bundles of wood, and bundles of twigs: If they were prepared). Note the Magen Avraham 308:53, which states that straw is usually employed at present as a mattress or for animal fodder. Hence, it is permitted to be carried even though it was not prepared before the Sabbath. to be used as animal fodder, one may carry them. If not, one may not carry them.If one brought in bundles of wild hyssop, madder, hyssop, or thyme to be used as kindling wood, one may not use them on the Sabbath. 321:1, which states that if one brings them home without any specific intent, they are considered to be animal fodder. (See also Chapter 21, Halachah 19.) If one brought them in for use as animal fodder, one may use them. Similar rules apply to mint, rue, and other herbs.

אֵין גּוֹרְפִין מַאֲכָל מִלִּפְנֵי הַפְּטָם בֵּין בְּאֵבוּס שֶׁל כְּלִי בֵּין בְּאֵבוּס שֶׁל קַרְקַע. וְאֵין מְסַלְּקִין לַצְּדָדִין מִפְּנֵי הָרְעִי גְּזֵרָה שֶׁמָּא יַשְׁוֶה גֻּמּוֹת. נוֹטְלִין מִלִּפְנֵי הַחֲמוֹר וְנוֹתְנִין לִפְנֵי הַשּׁוֹר. אֲבָל אֵין נוֹטְלִין מִלִּפְנֵי הַשּׁוֹר וְנוֹתְנִין לִפְנֵי הַחֲמוֹר מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהַמַּאֲכָל שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַשּׁוֹר מְטֻנָּף בְּרִירוֹ וְאֵין רָאוּי לְמַאֲכַל בְּהֵמָה אַחֶרֶת. וְכֵן עָלִים שֶׁרֵיחָם רַע וּמְאוּסִין וְאֵין הַבְּהֵמָה אוֹכַלְתָּן אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלָן. לְפִיכָךְ תְּלַאי שֶׁל דָּגִים אָסוּר לְטַלְטְלוֹ וְשֶׁל בָּשָׂר מֻתָּר. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה:

We may not rake food that was placed before an ox that is being fattened for slaughter. [This applies regardless of whether the food has been placed] in a feeding trough that is a [separate] utensil or in an earthen feeding trough. [Similarly,] one may not shift [the food] to the side so that [it does not become mixed with] feces. [These restrictions are] decrees, [instituted] lest one level grooves [in the floor]. 324:41, which gives another reason for the prohibition against shifting food to the side: Some of the straw has surely become repulsive and is no longer fit to be carried.One may take food that had been placed before a donkey and place it before an ox. One may not, by contrast, take food that had been placed before an ox and place it before a donkey. [This restriction was instituted] because the food that is before an ox becomes soiled by its spittle and is not fit to be eaten by another animal. 324:37 emphasizes that the intent is that an animal of another species will not eat food that is soiled with the spittle of an ox. One ox will, however, eat food that is soiled with the spittle of another ox.Leaves that produce a foul and repulsive odor and are not eaten by animals may not be carried. For similar reasons, carrying the hook on which fish are hung is forbidden. explains that, in contrast to a meat hook, a fish hook is not a proper utensil and will be discarded after use. Hence, it may not be carried on the Sabbath. Rav Kapach objects to this interpretation, noting that if this explanation were correct, it would have been more appropriate to state this halachah in Chapter 25, which differentiates between entities that are considered utensils and those that are not.The Shulchan Aruch (Orach Chayim 310:1) states that it is permitted to carry a fish hook, because it is not considered too repulsive to move. By contrast, the hook on which meat is hung is permitted to be carried. The same applies in all similar situations.

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאָסוּר לְטַלְטֵל אֶת הַמֵּת בְּשַׁבָּת סָכִין אוֹתוֹ וּמְדִיחִין אוֹתוֹ וּבִלְבַד שֶׁלֹּא יָזִיזוּ בּוֹ אֵיבָר. וְשׁוֹמְטִין אֶת הַכַּר מִתַּחְתָּיו כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּהְיֶה מֻטָּל עַל הַחוֹל בִּשְׁבִיל שֶׁיַּמְתִּין וְלֹא יַסְרִיחַ. וּמְבִיאִין כְּלֵי מֵיקֵר וּכְלֵי מַתָּכוֹת וּמַנִּיחִין לוֹ עַל כְּרֵסוֹ כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יִתְפַּח. וּפוֹקְקִין אֶת נְקָבָיו שֶׁלֹּא יִכָּנֵס בָּהֶן הָרוּחַ. וְקוֹשְׁרִין אֶת הַלֶּחִי לֹא שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה אֶלָּא שֶׁלֹּא יוֹסִיף. וְאֵין מְעַמְּצִין אֶת עֵינָיו בְּשַׁבָּת:

Although carrying a corpse on the Sabbath is forbidden, one may anoint it and wash it, provided one does not move any of its limbs. We may slip out a pillow from underneath it so that it will be lying on the ground to enable it to remain without decomposing.We may bring a utensil that will cool [a corpse] or a metal utensil and place it on the belly [of the corpse] so that [the corpse] will not swell. We may stop up [the corpse's] orifices so that air will not enter them. We may tie its jaw - not so that it will close 151b). - but so that it will not [open] further. We may not close [a corpse's] eyes on the Sabbath. 311:13 and the Mishnah Berurah 311:22 relate that, based on the Zohar, it has become customary to close a corpse's eyes and straighten its limbs on the Sabbath, for the failure to do so will lead to danger.

מֵת הַמֻּטָּל בַּחַמָּה מַנִּיחַ עָלָיו כִּכָּר אוֹ תִּינוֹק וּמְטַלְטְלוֹ. וְכֵן אִם נָפְלָה דְּלֵקָה בְּחָצֵר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בָּהּ מֵת מַנִּיחַ עָלָיו כִּכָּר אוֹ תִּינוֹק וּמְטַלְטְלוֹ. וְאִם אֵין שָׁם כִּכָּר וְלֹא תִּינוֹק מַצִּילִין אוֹתוֹ מִן הַדְּלֵקָה מִכָּל מָקוֹם שֶׁמָּא יָבֹא לְכַבּוֹת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא בָּהוּל עַל מֵתוֹ שֶׁלֹּא יִשָּׂרֵף. וְלֹא הִתִּירוּ לְטַלְטֵל בְּכִכָּר אוֹ תִּינוֹק אֶלָּא לְמֵת בִּלְבַד מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאָדָם בָּהוּל עַל מֵתוֹ:

When a corpse is lying in the sun, we may place a loaf of bread (Orach Chayim 311:4), which mentions an opinion that allows a corpse to be carried if it is dressed in the clothes it wore while it was alive. Shulchan Aruch HaRav 311:10 accepts this ruling; the Mishnah Berurah 311:16, by contrast, does not. or a baby on it and carry it [into the shade]. Similarly, if a fire breaks out in a courtyard where a corpse is lying, we may place a loaf of bread or a baby on it and carry it [out from the fire].Indeed, even if a loaf of bread or a baby are not available, one may save a corpse from a fire. [This leniency is granted] lest one extinguish the fire out of apprehension that the corpse not be consumed [by the flames].[The leniency of carrying an entity with] a loaf of bread or a baby upon it is granted only in the case of a corpse, because a person is distraught over the corpse [of his loved ones]. (Orach Chayim 311:1) allows one to move a corpse by shifting it from one bed to another. The Ramah (loc. cit.:2) offers another alternative - to have a gentile carry the corpse.

הָיָה מֻטָּל בַּחַמָּה וְאֵין לָהֶם מָקוֹם לְטַלְטְלוֹ אוֹ שֶׁלֹּא רָצוּ לַהֲזִיזוֹ מִמְּקוֹמוֹ בָּאִין שְׁנֵי בְּנֵי אָדָם וְיוֹשְׁבִים מִשְּׁנֵי צְדָדָיו. חַם לָהֶם מִלְּמַטָּה זֶה מֵבִיא מִטָּתוֹ וְיוֹשֵׁב עָלֶיהָ וְזֶה מֵבִיא מִטָּתוֹ וְיוֹשֵׁב עָלֶיהָ. חַם לָהֶם מִלְּמַעְלָה זֶה מֵבִיא מַחְצֶלֶת וּפוֹרֵשׁ עַל גַּבָּיו. וְזֶה מֵבִיא מַחְצֶלֶת וּפוֹרֵשׁ עַל גַּבָּיו. זֶה זוֹקֵף מִטָּתוֹ וְנִשְׁמָט וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ וְזֶה זוֹקֵף מִטָּתוֹ וְנִשְׁמָט וְהוֹלֵךְ לוֹ וְנִמְצָא מְחִצָּה עֲשׂוּיָה מֵאֵלֶיהָ. שֶׁהֲרֵי מַחְצֶלֶת זֶה וּמַחְצֶלֶת זֶה גַּגֵּיהֶן סְמוּכוֹת זוֹ לָזוֹ וּשְׁנֵי קְצוֹתֵיהֶם עַל הַקַּרְקַע מִשְׁנִי צִדֵּי הַמֵּת:

[The following procedure should be adhered to when] a corpse is lying in the sun and there is no place to carry it, or [the people] do not desire to move it from its place: Two people should come and sit, one on either side [of the corpse]. If it is [too] warm for them [to sit on the ground], they may both bring couches and sit on them. If it is [too] warm for them [to sit in the sun], they may both bring mats and spread them over the couches. 311:11; Mishnah Berurah 311:19).[Afterwards,] they both may [depart], overturn their couches, and remove them [leaving the mats suspended over the corpse]. In this manner, the covering is created on its own accord, [as it were], for the two mats are next to each other and their two ends are located on the ground on either side of the corpse.

מֵת שֶׁהִסְרִיחַ בְּבַיִת וְנִמְצָא מִתְבַּזֶּה בֵּין הַחַיִּים וְהֵם מִתְבַּזִּים מִמֶּנּוּ מֻתָּר לְהוֹצִיאוֹ לְכַרְמְלִית. גָּדוֹל כְּבוֹד הַבְּרִיּוֹת שֶׁדּוֹחֶה אֶת לֹא תַּעֲשֶׂה שֶׁבַּתּוֹרָה שֶׁהוּא (דברים יז יא) "לֹא תָסוּר מִן הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר יַגִּידוּ לְךָ יָמִין וּשְׂמֹאל". וְאִם הָיָה לָהֶן מָקוֹם אַחֵר לָצֵאת בּוֹ אֵין מוֹצִיאִין אוֹתוֹ אֶלָּא מְנִיחִין אוֹתוֹ בִּמְקוֹמוֹ וְיוֹצְאִין הֵם:

When a corpse has decomposed 311:2). in a house [to the extent that it produces a foul odor] and thus is being disgraced in the eyes of the living, and their honor is being compromised because of it, carrying it notes that the Rambam does not mention carrying the corpse with a baby or a loaf of bread on it, as in Halachah 21. The commentaries differ on whether this is necessary. The Rashba maintains that it is desirable to place another article on the corpse, so that one will be carrying the corpse for the sake of a permitted article.The Ramban, by contrast, explains that since one is carrying the corpse into a carmelit and violating a Rabbinic prohibition associated with a forbidden labor, it is preferable to minimize the violation of that prohibition by not carrying another article. Although the prohibition against carrying an entity (the corpse) that is muktzeh will be violated in a more serious way, it is preferable to violate that prohibition (which is associated with a sh'vut) than the prohibition against carrying into a carmelit, which has its source in the forbidden labor of transferring articles.Although the Rashba's view is accepted by the later authorities (Shulchan Aruch HaRav 311:2; Mishnah Berurah 311:9), one may rely on the Ramban's view if there is not another useful article available, and carry the corpse out without anything else. into a carmelit is permitted., but not into a public domain (Shulchan Aruch HaRav 311:5; Mishnah Berurah 311:10).The Tur allows carrying a corpse even into the public domain; since one does not intend to use the corpse, carrying it is a מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה, and the prohibition against performing such an activity is waived in this instance. The Rambam would surely not accept this premise, for he maintains that one is liable according to the Torah for performing a מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה. Even the later Ashkenazic authorities who accept the basic principle of the Tur do not accept this leniency.[This leniency was granted because] the honor of the creatures is great enough to supersede [the observance of] a negative commandment of the Torah, namely: "Do not swerve right or left from the words they tell you" [Deuteronomy 17:11]. 1:2, which interprets this as a commandment prohibiting us from transgressing a directive instituted by the Rabbis. All the Rabbinic commandments have their source in this mitzvah from the Torah. See also Hilchot Kilayim 10:29.If [the people in the home] have an alternative place to go, they may not remove the corpse. Instead, the corpse should be left in its place and they should depart. 311:7)].