Mishneh Torah — Sacrificial Procedure הלכות מעשה הקרבנות, Chapter 4

כָּל הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת אֵין מַקְרִיבִין אוֹתָן אֶלָּא בַּיּוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא ז לח) "בְּיוֹם צַוֹּתוֹ אֶת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לְהַקְרִיב אֶת קָרְבְּנֵיהֶם" בַּיּוֹם וְלֹא בַּלַּיְלָה. לְפִיכָךְ אֵין שׁוֹחֲטִין זְבָחִים אֶלָּא בַּיּוֹם וְאֵין זוֹרְקִין דָּמִים אֶלָּא בְּיוֹם הַשְּׁחִיטָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא ז טז) "בְּיוֹם הַקְרִיבוֹ אֶת זִבְחוֹ" בְּיוֹם הַזְּבִיחָה תִּהְיֶה הַהַקְרָבָה. וְכֵיוָן שֶׁשָּׁקְעָה הַחַמָּה נִפְסַל הַדָּם:

All of the sacrifices may be offered only during the day, as [can be inferred from Leviticus 7:38]: "On the day when He commanded the children of Israel to offer their sacrifices." [Implied is] during the day and not at night. Therefore sacrifices are slaughtered only during the day and their blood is sprinkled [on the altar] on the day of the slaughter, as [can be inferred from ibid.:16]: "On the day he offers his sacrifice." Implied is that on the day the sacrifice is slaughtered, it should be offered. When the sun sets [on that day], the blood is disqualified. 1:37).

כָּל שֶׁקָּרְבוּ מַתִּירָיו בַּיּוֹם מַעֲלִין אוֹתוֹ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ כָּל הַלַּיְלָה. כֵּיצַד. זְבָחִים שֶׁנִּזְרַק דָּמָם בַּיּוֹם מַקְטִירִין אֵימוּרֵיהֶן בַּלַּיְלָה עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר. וְכֵן אֵיבְרֵי הָעוֹלוֹת מַקְטִירִין אוֹתָן בַּלַּיְלָה עַד שֶׁיַּעֲלֶה עַמּוּד הַשַּׁחַר. וּכְדֵי לְהַרְחִיק מִן הַפְּשִׁיעָה אָמְרוּ חֲכָמִים שֶׁאֵין מַקְטִירִין הָאֵימוּרִין וְאֵיבְרֵי הָעוֹלָה אֶלָּא עַד חֲצוֹת הַלַּיְלָה:

As long as the elements that cause a sacrifice to be permitted were offered during the day, [the other elements of] the sacrifice may be offered on the altar throughout the night.What is implied? When the blood of sacrifices was sprinkled during the day, their eimorim may be offered on the fire of the altar at night until dawn. Similarly, the limbs of the burnt-offerings may be offered on the fire of the altar until dawn. In order to distance [a person] from inadvertent transgression, 1:3)]. Rashi (at the beginning of his commentary to Berachot) and other authorities differ and maintain that such a safeguard was not instituted. our Sages declared that the eimorim and the limbs of the burnt-offerings should only be offered on the fire of the altar until midnight.

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֻּתָּר לְהַקְטִיר אֵימוּרִין וְאֵיבָרִים בַּלַּיְלָה אֵין מְאַחֲרִין אוֹתָן לְדַעַת. אֶלָּא מִשְׁתַּדְּלִין לְהַקְטִיר הַכּל בַּיּוֹם. חֲבִיבָה מִצְוָה בִּשְׁעָתָהּ שֶׁהֲרֵי הֶקְטֵר אֵימוּרִין וְאֵיבָרִים אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁכְּשֵׁרִים בַּלַּיְלָה דּוֹחִין אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת בִּזְמַנָּן וְאֵין מְאַחֲרִין אוֹתָן לְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת:

Even though the eimorim and the limbs [of the sacrifices] may be offered on the fire of the altar at night, they may not be willingly delayed. Instead, an attempt should be made to offer everything during the day, for it is desirable that a mitzvah be performed at its designated time. [The importance of this can be seen from the fact that] the offering of the eimorim and the limbs [of the sacrifices] on the fire of the altar supersedes the Sabbath prohibitions on that day. We do not delay this until Saturday night.

כָּל דָּבָר שֶׁאֵינוֹ קָרֵב אֶלָּא בַּיּוֹם כְּגוֹן הַקֹּמֶץ וְהַלְּבוֹנָה וְהַקְּטֹרֶת וּמְנָחוֹת הַנִּשְׂרָפוֹת מֻתָּר לְהַקְרִיבָן עִם מְבוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ. וְהֵם מִתְאַכְּלִין וְהוֹלְכִין כָּל הַלַּיְלָה כְּאֵיבְרֵי עוֹלָה:

Any element of a sacrifice that may be offered only during the day, e.g., the handful [of flour from the meal-offering], the frankincense [from the meal-offering], the incense offering, and the meal-offerings that are burnt [on the altar], may be offered [on the altar] at sunset. 1:6 and notes. They then continue to be consumed [by the altar's fire] the entire night like the limbs of the burnt offerings.

הַנְּסָכִים הַבָּאִים עִם הַזֶּבַח אֵין קְרֵבִין אֶלָּא בַּיּוֹם שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (במדבר כט לט) "וּלְנִסְכֵּיכֶם וּלְשַׁלְמֵיכֶם". מַקִּישׁ נְסָכִים לִשְׁלָמִים מַה שְּׁלָמִים בַּיּוֹם אַף נְסָכִים בַּיּוֹם. אֲבָל הַנְּסָכִים הַבָּאִים בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן מִתְקַדְּשִׁין בַּלַּיְלָה וּקְרֵבִין בַּלַּיְלָה. לְפִיכָךְ אִם נִזְדַּמְּנוּ לוֹ נְסָכִים הַבָּאִין בִּפְנֵי עַצְמָן מַקְדִּישָׁן וּמַקְרִיבָן בַּלַּיְלָה וַעֲלוֹת הַשַּׁחַר פּוֹסֶלֶת בָּהֶן כְּאֵיבְרֵי הָעוֹלוֹת:

The libations that are offered with sacrifices are only offered during the day, as [Numbers 29:39] states: "And for their libations and for their peace-offerings." An association is established between the peace-offerings and the libations. Just as the peace-offerings [are offered only] during the day, so too, the libations must be offered during the day. Nevertheless, the libations that are offered independently may be sanctified at night and offered at night. Therefore if it happens that a person obtains libations that are brought independently, he should sanctify them at night and offer them at night. Dawn disqualifies [these libations], as it disqualifies the limbs of the burnt-offering.

כָּל הַיּוֹם כָּשֵׁר לִסְמִיכָה וְלִשְׁחִיטָה וְלִמְלִיקָה לְהֶקְטֵר לְהַגָּשָׁה וּלְהַזָּיָה וְלִתְנוּפָה וְלִקְמִיצָה וּלְקָרְבַּן הַמּוּסָפִין. וְכָל הַלַּיְלָה כָּשֵׁר לְהַקְטִיר אֵימוּרִין וְאֵיבָרִים. זֶה הַכְּלָל דָּבָר שֶׁמִּצְוָתוֹ בַּיּוֹם כָּשֵׁר כָּל הַיּוֹם. וְדָבָר שֶׁמִּצְוָתוֹ בַּלַּיְלָה כָּשֵׁר כָּל הַלַּיְלָה. וְאַף עַל פִּי כֵן זְרִיזִין מַקְדִּימִין לְמִצְוֹת:

The entire day is acceptable for semichah, slaughter, severing a fowl's head, offering objects on the altar's fire, bringing [meal] offerings to the altar, sprinkling [blood on the altar], waving [sacrificial offerings], taking a handful of the meal offering, and bringing the Musaf offering. 20b). The entire night is acceptable to offer the eimorim and the limbs on the altar's fire.This is the general principle: When the mitzvah is to perform a particular act during the day, it is acceptable throughout the day. If the mitzvah is to perform the act at night, it is acceptable throughout the night. Nevertheless, the eager hasten to perform the mitzvot.

כָּל הַזְּבָחִים אֵין שׁוֹחֲטִין אוֹתָן לְכַתְּחִלָּה אֶלָּא בְּסַכִּין מִכְּלֵי שָׁרֵת. וְאִם שָׁחַט בְּכָל דָּבָר שֶׁשּׁוֹחֲטִין בּוֹ הַחֻלִּין אֲפִלּוּ בִּקְרוּמִית שֶׁל קָנֶה כְּשֵׁרִין:

As an initial preference, all of the sacrificial animals may be slaughtered only with a knife that is a sacred utensil. Nevertheless, if one slaughtered it with any article [fit] to slaughter an ordinary animal - even the edge of a bulrush 1:14 and notes. - it is acceptable.

וְכָל הַזְּבָחִים שֶׁקִּבֵּל מִדָּמָם פָּחוֹת מִכְּדֵי הַזָּיָה לֹא נִתְקַדֵּשׁ הַדָּם. וְצָרִיךְ לְהִתְכַּוֵּן לְקַבֵּל כָּל הַדָּם. כֵּיצַד הוּא עוֹשֶׂה. אוֹחֵז הַסִּימָנִים בְּיָדוֹ וּמוֹצִיאָן עִם הַוְּרִידִין לְתוֹךְ הַמִּזְרָק. וְשׁוֹחֵט שְׁנַיִם אוֹ רֹב שְׁנַיִם כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּתְקַבֵּל הַדָּם כֻּלּוֹ בִּכְלִי. וּמַגְבִּיהַּ הַסַּכִּין לְמַעְלָה כְּדֵי שֶׁלֹּא יֵרֵד הַדָּם מֵעָלֶיהָ אֶלָּא מִן הַצַּוָּאר. וְדָם שֶׁבַּסַּכִּין מְקַנְּחוֹ בִּשְׂפַת הַמִּזְרָק:

Whenever one received less than the amount of blood need to sprinkle it on the altar from any of the sacrifices, the blood does not become consecrated. [As an initial preference,] one should have the intent of receiving all the [animal's] blood.What should be done? One should hold the windpipe and the gullet, "signs," for they are the organs which, when slit in the desired manner, indicate that ritual slaughter is acceptable. in his hand, and together with the jugular vein, place them inside a basin 25a-b. As indicated by the conclusion of the halachah, it appears that the intent is not that the animal's neck should be held inside the sacred basin - for then, it would be difficult to perform the slaughter - but rather, above it (see Radbaz). and slit both of them - or their majority 1:9, the Rambam states: "Superior slaughter involves cutting both [the windpipe and the gullet], whether for an animal or a fowl, and a slaughterer should have this intent. [After the fact,] if one cut the majority of one of them for a fowl and the majority of both of them for an animal or a beast, the slaughter is acceptable." - so that all of the blood will be received in the basin. [After the slaughter,] the knife should be lifted up, so that the blood does not flow down along it, but rather from the neck. He should wipe off the blood that is on the knife on the [outer] edge of the basin.).

אֲוִיר הַכְּלִי הֲרֵי הוּא כִּכְלִי. הָיָה מְקַבֵּל הַדָּם וְנִפְחֲתוּ שׁוּלֵי הַמִּזְרָק קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּגִּיעַ הַדָּם לַאֲוִיר הַמִּזְרָק הַנִּפְחָת לֹא נִתְקַדֵּשׁ הַדָּם. שֶׁהָאֲוִיר שֶׁאֵין סוֹפוֹ לָנוּחַ אֵינוֹ כְּמֻנָּח:

The space above the basin is considered as if it is inside the basin.. The standard published text has a slightly different version. If one was receiving the blood [of a sacrificial animal] and the bottom of the basin opened before the blood reached the open space of the bottomless basin, the blood is not consecrated. [The rationale is that when the blood enters] space in which it will ultimately not come to rest, it is not considered as if it came to rest. 25b). The Rambam is stating that since the blood is not going to come to rest in the bottomless basin, it is not considered as if it was spilled out and is therefore not consecrated.Note the Radbaz who maintains that even if the utensil has a hole in it, if the blood is able to be collected, it is acceptable.

כָּל הַזְּבָחִים צָרִיךְ הָעוֹבֵד שֶׁתִּהְיֶה מַחְשַׁבְתּוֹ לְשֵׁם הַזֶּבַח וּלְשֵׁם בְּעָלָיו בִּשְׁעַת זְבִיחָה וּבִשְׁעַת קַבָּלַת הַדָּם וּבִשְׁעַת הוֹלָכַת הַדָּם וּבִשְׁעַת זְרִיקָתוֹ עַל הַמִּזְבֵּחַ שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר (ויקרא ז טו) "וּבְשַׂר זֶבַח תּוֹדַת שְׁלָמָיו" שֶׁתִּהְיֶה זְבִיחָה עִם שְׁאָר אַרְבַּע הָעֲבוֹדוֹת לְשֵׁם שְׁלָמָיו. וְכֵן שְׁאָר הַקָּרְבָּנוֹת. וְאִם שָׁחַט וְעָבַד שְׁאָר עֲבוֹדוֹת סְתָם וְלֹא חָשַׁב כְּלָל בְּעוֹלָה וּבִשְׁלָמִים הֲרֵי הֵן כְּשֵׁרִים וְעָלוּ לַבְּעָלִים:

With regard to all of the sacrifices, the person performing the service 4:6); Hilchot Pesulei HaMukdashim 14:1]. must have the intent of offering the proper type of sacrifice for the sake of the person bringing it at the time of slaughter, at the time the blood is received, at the time it is brought to the altar, and at the time that it is sprinkeled on the altar, as [indicated by Leviticus 7:15]: "And the meat of his thanksgiving, peace-offering." [Implied is that] the slaughter together with the [three other] services must be for the sake of his peace-offering. 4a-b. Similar concepts apply with regard to other sacrifices.If one slaughtered [an animal] and performed [these] other services without any intent, without thinking at all, 2a). this is acceptable for a burnt-offering and a peace-offering and the owner is considered to have fulfilled his obligation. note that from Zevachim 46b, it would appear that even those sacrifices are acceptable as long as one does not have a wrong intent. It is only when one has a wrong intent that they are disqualified. The Radbaz maintains that even though those sacrifices are not disqualified, the person bringing them is not considered to have fulfilled his obligation. The Kessef Mishneh does not accept this explanation and leaves his question of the Rambam's ruling unresolved.

וְצָרִיךְ שֶׁתִּהְיֶה מַחְשַׁבְתּוֹ בִּשְׁעַת שְׁחִיטַת הָעוֹלָה לְשֵׁם שִׁשָּׁה דְּבָרִים. לְשֵׁם הַזֶּבַח. וּלְשֵׁם הַזּוֹבֵחַ. וְשֶׁהַזֶּבַח לְהַשֵּׁם בָּרוּךְ הוּא. וְשֶׁיַּקְטִירוֹ לָאִשִּׁים. וְשֶׁהַקְטָרָתוֹ לְרֵיחַ בִּלְבַד. וְשֶׁרֵיחַ זֶה נַחַת רוּחַ לִפְנֵי הַשֵּׁם. וְאִם שָׁחַט סְתָם כָּשֵׁר כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ. וְהַשּׁוֹחֵט חַטָּאת וְאָשָׁם צָרִיךְ שֶׁתִּהְיֶה מַחְשַׁבְתּוֹ לְשֵׁם אוֹתוֹ הַחֵטְא שֶׁבָּא עָלָיו:

At the time of the slaughter of [an animal designated as] a burnt-offering, [the person offering it] must have six things in mind, [that the animal be slaughtered]: for the sake of the [desired] sacrifice, 46b). for the sake of the person bringing it,). that it be sacrificed unto God, blessed be He, that it be consumed by fire,). that its consumption by fire be for the sake of generating a [pleasing] fragrance,). and that the fragrance be pleasing before God. If he slaughtered [the animal] without any intent, it is acceptable, as explained.One who slaughters [an animal as] a sin-offering or a guilt-offering should have the intent that [the sacrifice atone] for the sin which he committed. 15:6.