Mishneh Torah — Tithes (Ma'aserot) הלכות מעשרות, Chapter 12

הַלוֹקֵחַ פֵּרוֹת מִמִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וְשָׁכַח לְעַשְּׂרָן וְנִכְנְסָה שַׁבָּת אוֹ יוֹם טוֹב שֶׁאֵינוֹ יָכוֹל לְעַשֵּׂר הֲרֵי זֶה שׁוֹאֲלוֹ. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ מְעֻשָּׂרִין הֵן אוֹכֵל עַל פִּיו בְּשַׁבָּת. וְכֵן אִם אָמַר לוֹ אֶחָד שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן מְעֻשָּׂרִין הֵן אוֹכֵל עַל פִּיו בְּאוֹתָהּ שַׁבָּת. וַאֲפִלּוּ הָיוּ לוֹ פֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת מְתֻקָּנִין מֵאוֹתוֹ הַמִּין מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵימַת שַׁבָּת עַל עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ וְאֵינוֹ עוֹבֵר בָּהּ עֲבֵרָה:

When a person purchases produce from a person upon whom we do not rely with regard to the tithes and forgot 4:1) emphasizes that this leniency is granted only when a person failed to tithe out of forgetfulness. If he intentionally did not tithe the produce, there is no leniency upon which he can rely to partake of it on the Sabbath. to tithe it before the commencement of the Sabbath or a festival - upon which he may not tithe it 23:9, 14; Shvitat Yom Tov 4:26. - he should ask that person regarding their status. If he tells him that it is tithed, he may rely on his word on [that] Sabbath. 4:1)].Similarly, if another person upon whom we cannot rely tells him that it was tithed, he may partake of it because of his word on that Sabbath.), the Rambam notes that there is a general principle (Kiddushin 63b) that a person will not sin unless he personally benefits. Thus one might think that we could rely on this person's word, even during the week. Hence, it is necessary to explain that we rely on his statements only on the Sabbath. The rationale is that the presumption that he will not lie applies to most people. There are, however, some that will lie even on the Sabbath [the Jerusalem Talmud (Demai 4:1)]. [This applies] even if he possesses other produce of that type from which the separations have been made. [The rationale is that] the awe of Sabbath affects the common people and they will not violate a transgression on that day.

אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא אוֹכֵל עַל פִּיו בְּשַׁבָּת הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יֹאכַל מֵאוֹתָן הַפֵּרוֹת לְמוֹצָאֵי שַׁבָּת עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר דְּמַאי עַל הַכּל עַל שֶׁאָכַל בְּשַׁבָּת וְעַל הַנִּשְׁאָר שֶׁלֹּא הֵקֵלּוּ וְהֶאֱמִינוּהוּ אֶלָּא לְצֹרֶךְ אוֹתָהּ שַׁבָּת. הָיְתָה שַׁבָּת וְיוֹם טוֹב סָמוּךְ לָהּ וּשְׁאָלוֹ בְּאֶחָד מֵהֶן אוֹכֵל אַף בַּשֵּׁנִי. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁלֹּא נִרְאֶה לְעַשֵּׂר בֵּינְתַיִם. וְכֵן בִּשְׁנֵי יָמִים טוֹבִים שֶׁל גָּלֻיּוֹת:

Even though one relies on the word of a common person to eat on the Sabbath, he should not partake of that produce after the conclusion of the Sabbath until he separates the tithes as appropriate for demai for the entire amount, what he ate on the Sabbath and what remains. For the leniency [to] trust him was granted only out of necessity for that Sabbath.If the Sabbath and a festival followed in succession, if one asked [a common person concerning produce] on one, he may partake of it on the other, 8:5). because he did not have the opportunity to tithe in the interim. Similar laws apply with regard to the two days [for each festival celebrated] in the Diaspora.

הַנִּשְׁבָּע עַל חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁיֹּאכַל עִמּוֹ בְּשַׁבָּת וְהוּא אֵינוֹ מַאֲמִינוֹ עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת שׁוֹאֵל וְאוֹכֵל עַל פִּיו בַּשַּׁבָּת הָרִאשׁוֹנָה בִּלְבַד. אֲבָל בְּשַׁבָּת שְׁנִיָּה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנָּדַר מִמֶּנּוּ הֲנָאָה אִם לֹא יֹאכַל אֶצְלוֹ לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר דְּמַאי:

When a person takes an oath 4:3)]. (Although the mishnah speaks of taking a vow, the Rambam speaks of an oath.) The oath is taken to emphasize to the colleague that the failure to accept his hospitality is a sign of serious enmity between them. Hence, this leniency was granted to encourage feelings of closeness.Kaftor VePerach, ch. 39, states that we are speaking about a situation where the oath was taken on the Sabbath itself. Otherwise, the guest could make a stipulation allowing for a retroactive separation as described in Chapter 9, Halachah 7. The Radbaz, by contrast, states that we are speaking about a situation where the interaction took place during the week. Otherwise, there would be nothing new taught by this halachah, everything could be understood from the previous one. that a colleague partake of his hospitality on the Sabbath, but [the guest] does not trust [the host] with regard to tithes, he may ask him and eat based on his statements the first Sabbath. On the second Sabbath, even though he took an oath not to benefit from him unless he accepts his hospitality, he should not eat until he tithes as one does for demai.

מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן שֶׁרְאִינוּהוּ שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר מִפֵּרוֹתָיו שֶׁהֵן דְּמַאי וּרְאִינוּהוּ שֶׁחָזְרָה וְנָפְלָה בְּפָנֵינוּ בֵּין לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר בֵּין לִמְקוֹמָהּ וְחָזַר וְאָמַר הִפְרַשְׁתִּיהָ נֶאֱמָן אֲפִלּוּ בְּחל וְאוֹכֵל עַל פִּיו. כְּשֵׁם שֶׁאֵימַת שַׁבָּת עַל עַמֵּי הָאָרֶץ כָּךְ אֵימַת דִּמּוּעַ עֲלֵיהֶם וְאֵינָן חֲשׁוּדִין לְהַאֲכִיל אֶת הַמְדֻמָּע:

When we see a person who is not trustworthy [with regard to the separation of tithes] separate terumat ma'aser from produce belonging to him that is demai and we saw that it later fell back in, whether to that [store of produce] or another and he said: "I separated it," fell in a manner in which it was distinct and could easily be separated from the store of produce. we accept his word - even during the week - and may partake of the produce on that basis. Just as the common people are in dread of the Sabbath, so too, they are in dread of dimua, or terumat ma'aser has been mixed. The rationale is that partaking of such substances is punishable by death at the hand of Heaven. and they are not suspect to cause others to partake of such produce. offer interpretations that substantiate the Rambam's ruling.

מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן שֶׁרְאִינוּהוּ שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן מִפֵּרוֹת אֵלּוּ וְאָמַר שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מֵהֶן מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי נֶאֱמָן. הִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי בְּפָנֵינוּ וְאָמַר שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן שֶׁהַשֵּׁנִי שֶׁלּוֹ. וְהַנֶּאֱמָן עַל הַשֵּׁנִי אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הָרִאשׁוֹן. וְהַנֶּאֱמָן עַל הָרִאשׁוֹן נֶאֱמָן עַל הַשֵּׁנִי. לְפִיכָךְ מִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן שֶׁהוֹצִיא פֵּרוֹת מִבֵּיתוֹ וְאָמַר אֵלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן נֶאֱמָן. וְאֵין מַפְרִישִׁין מֵהֶן תְּרוּמוֹת וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת. וְאִם אָמַר אֵלּוּ מַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן וַהֲרֵי הֵן דְּמַאי וּמַפְרִישִׁין מֵהֶן תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר. וְיֵרָאֶה לִי שֶׁהוּא פּוֹדֶה אֶת כֻּלָּם:

When we see that a person who is not trustworthy separates the first tithes from such produce and he says that he separated the second tithes, his word is accepted. 4:1) explains the logic: If he is willing to separate the first tithe which is given to a Levite, he is certainly willing to separate the second tithe which remains his own (but must be eaten in Jerusalem). See Halachah 15. If he separated the second tithe in our presence and said that he separated the first tithe, his word is not accepted, because the second tithe belongs to him. [Thus] one who is trusted with regard to the second tithe is not trusted with regard to the first, but one who is trusted with regard to the first is trusted with regard to the second.Accordingly, when a person who is not trusted brings produce from his home and says: "This is the first tithe," his word is accepted and there is no need to separate terumot and terumat ma'aser, if he said that he made these separations (Kessef Mishneh). and tithes from [the produce separated]. to the Ra'avad's objection. If he says: "This is the second tithe," his word is not accepted. [The produce separated] is considered as demai and we must separate terumat ma'aser from it. It appears to me that he must redeem the entire amount.. For although we are stringent and do not accept his word, we do not reject his statements entirely. Certainly, he himself must bear their consequences and consider the separated produce as if it is required to be redeemed (Radbaz).

הָאוֹמֵר לְמִי שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עַל הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת קַח לִי מִמִּי שֶׁהוּא מְעַשֵּׂר וְהָלַךְ וְלָקַח וְהֵבִיא לוֹ אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ קַח לִי מֵאִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי הֲרֵי זֶה נֶאֱמָן לוֹמַר מִמֶּנּוּ לָקַחְתִּי שֶׁהֲרֵי מִתְיָרֵא שֶׁמָּא יִשְׁאָלֶנּוּ. הָלַךְ לִקַּח לוֹ מֵאוֹתוֹ פְּלוֹנִי וְאָמַר לוֹ מְצָאתִיו וְלָקַחְתִּי לְךָ מֵאַחֵר שֶׁהוּא נֶאֱמָן אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן:

When one tells a person whose word is not accepted with regard to the tithes: "Purchase [produce] for me from someone who tithes." And that person went and brought him produce, his word is not accepted. If he told him: "Purchase [produce] for me from so-and-so," the other person's word is accepted if he says that he purchased it from him, for he will fear [to lie], lest [the principal] ask that person. If he went to purchase [the produce] from the person who was named, but said: "I could not find him, so I purchased it for you from another person who is trustworthy," his word is not accepted.

הַנִּכְנָס לְעִיר וְאֵינוֹ מַכִּיר אָדָם שָׁם וְאָמַר מִי כָּאן נֶאֱמָן מִי כָּאן מְעַשֵּׂר וְאָמַר לוֹ אֶחָד אֲנִי. אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן. אָמַר לוֹ אִישׁ פְּלוֹנִי הֲרֵי זֶה נֶאֱמָן. וְלוֹקֵחַ מֵאוֹתוֹ פְּלוֹנִי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַכִּירוֹ וְהוֹלֵךְ וְאוֹכֵל עַל פִּיו. הָלַךְ וְלָקַח מִמֶּנּוּ וְשָׁאַל לוֹ מִי כָּאן מוֹכֵר יַיִן יָשָׁן אָמַר לוֹ זֶה שֶׁשְּׁלָחֲךָ אֶצְלִי אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהֵן כְּגוֹמְלִין זֶה אֶת זֶה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִין:

[The following rules apply when a person] enters a city where he does not know anyone and asks: "Who is trustworthy? Who tithes?" If someone answers: "I am," his word is not accepted. 4:5) states: "In the presence [of the person being recommended], his word is not accepted. Outside his presence, his word is accepted." The Radbaz states that this concept is implied by the Rambam's words, since "so-and-so" implies that the person is not present. The Kessef Mishneh interprets the standard version of the Jerusalem Talmud as follows: "If he says he is not trustworthy, in his presence, he is not considered trustworthy (for he would not say so unless it was true). If he says so outside his presence, he is considered trustworthy (for the other person's statements are considered as slander)." This interpretation fits the Rambam's ruling. If he says: "So-and-so," his word is accepted 63b). This, however, is a leniency, granted to the person, because he is a wayfarer [the Rambam's Commentary to the Mishnah (Demai 4:7)]. and [the wayfarer] may purchase [produce] from that person and eat on that basis. If [the wayfarer] went and purchased from that person and asked him: "Who here sells vintage wine?" and the person answers: "The one who sent you," his word is accepted even though it appears that they are in collusion. 20:11.

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בִּזְמַן שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַכִּיר אָדָם שָׁם. אֲבָל אִם מַכִּיר אָדָם שָׁם לֹא יִקַּח אֶלָּא מִן הַמֻּמְחֶה. וְאִם שָׁהָה שָׁם שְׁלֹשִׁים יוֹם אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מַכִּיר אָדָם שָׁם לֹא יִקַּח אֶלָּא מִן הַמֻּמְחֶה:

When does the above apply? When [the wayfarer] is not familiar with any person in that place. If, however, he is familiar with people there, he should purchase only from a person [with an established reputation] for observance. If he stays in that place for 30 days, even if he is not familiar with anyone there, he should purchase produce only from an expert.

וְלֹא הִתִּירוּ דְּבָרִים אֵלּוּ אֶלָּא בִּתְרוּמוֹת וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת. אֲבָל לְעִנְיַן פֵּרוֹת שְׁבִיעִית אוֹ לְעִנְיַן טָהֳרוֹת לֹא יִקַּח אֶלָּא מִן הַמֻּמְחֶה:

These leniencies were granted only with regard to terumot and the tithes, are merely an additional stringency. but with regard to produce of the Sabbatical year and questions of ritual purity, one should purchase only from a person [with an established reputation] for observance.

הַחַמָּרִין שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לָעִיר וְאָמַר אֶחָד מֵהֶן פֵּרוֹת אֵלּוּ אֵינָם מְתֻקָּנִים וּפֵרוֹת חֲבֵרִי מְתֻקָּנִין אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן שֶׁמָּא קְנוּנְיָא עָשׂוּ בֵּינֵיהֶן:

When donkey-drivers enter a city and one says: "The appropriate separations have not been made from my produce, but they have been made from my colleague's produce," his word is not accepted. [We fear that] perhaps they are colluding in deception.

הַמּוֹכֵר פֵּרוֹת בְּסוּרְיָא וְאָמַר מִשֶּׁל אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל הֵם חַיָּב הַלּוֹקֵחַ לְעַשֵּׂר. מְעֻשָּׂרִין הֵן נֶאֱמָן שֶׁהַפֶּה שֶׁאָסַר הוּא הַפֶּה שֶׁהִתִּיר. מִשֶּׁלִּי הֵן חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר. מְעֻשָּׂרִין הֵן נֶאֱמָן שֶׁהַפֶּה שֶׁאָסַר הוּא הַפֶּה שֶׁהִתִּיר. וְאִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ קַרְקַע בְּסוּרְיָא וְהָיָה רֹב מִמְכָּרוֹ מִשָּׂדֵהוּ חַיָּב הַלּוֹקֵחַ מִמֶּנּוּ לְעַשֵּׂר. שֶׁחֶזְקָתוֹ שֶׁמִּשָּׂדֵהוּ הֱבִיאָם:

When a person sells produce in Syria1:3, the status of Syria is an intermediate level between that of Eretz Yisrael and the Diaspora. There terumah and the tithes have to be separated because of Rabbinic decree, but not because of Scriptural Law. For this reason, our Sages did not enforce the restrictions of demai on such produce [the Rambam's Commentary to the Mishnah (Demai 6:11)]. and says that it comes from Eretz Yisrael, apply. the purchaser is required to tithe it. is not significant. If he says that it has been tithed, his word is accepted. [The rationale is that] the same person whose words aroused our suspicion also allayed it.). The rationale is that had he desired to lie, he would not have mentioned the factor that arouses the suspicions at the outset.If he says: "They are mine," [the purchaser] is obligated to tithe it. If he says that it has been tithed, his word is accepted. [The rationale is that] the same statement that aroused our suspicion also allayed it. If it is known that [the seller] owns land in Syria and most [of the produce] he sells is from his own field, one who purchases from him is obligated to tithe, for we assume that he brought the produce from his own field.

עֲנִיִּים שֶׁאָמְרוּ פֵּרוֹת אֵלּוּ שֶׁל לֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִין כָּל זְמַן הַגֳּרָנוֹת שֶׁהַלֶּקֶט וְהַשִּׁכְחָה וְהַפֵּאָה מְצוּיִים. וְהוּא שֶׁיִּהְיֶה קָרוֹב מִן הַגֹּרֶן כְּדֵי שֶׁיֵּצֵא וְיָבוֹא בּוֹ בַּיּוֹם. וְאִם אָמְרוּ שֶׁל מַעֲשַׂר עָנִי הֵם הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִין כָּל הַשָּׁנָה כֻּלָּהּ. וְאֵינָן נֶאֱמָנִין אֶלָּא עַל דָּבָר שֶׁדֶּרֶךְ בְּנֵי אָדָם לִתְּנוֹ:

When poor people say: "This produce is from leket, shichachah, and pe'ah, their word is accepted as long as there are granaries in which leket, shichachah, and pe'ah can be found and provided [a poor person] is close enough to the granary so that he can go [to it] and return on the same day.If they said: "They are from the tithes given to the poor," and the first tithe were also separated. their word is accepted throughout those years. The word of these individuals is accepted only with regard to objects which people would ordinarily give [to the poor].

כֵּיצַד. חִטִּים אֵלּוּ לֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה הֵם הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ נֶאֱמָנִים. קֶמַח זֶה שֶׁל לֶקֶט שִׁכְחָה וּפֵאָה הוּא אֵינָם נֶאֱמָנִין. וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵין נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַפַּת לוֹמַר מִמַּתְּנוֹת עֲנִיִּים הוּא אֶלָּא מִתְעַשְּׂרִין דְּמַאי:

What is implied?, or as tithes to the poor. [Poor people say:] "This wheat is from leket, shichachah, and pe'ah," states that the Rambam's words are chosen carefully. It is customary to give leket, shichachah, and pe'ah in the field. Hence, it is not likely that they were given as flour. The tithes for the poor, by contrast, are generally given from the home (see Hilchot Matanot Aniyim 6:10). Hence it is possible that flour was given to a poor person in fulfillment of that mitzvah. their word is accepted.and pe'ah, but not to process the grain any further before giving it [the Rambam's Commentary to the Mishnah (Pe'ah 8:3)]. [If they say:] "This flour from leket, shichachah, and pe'ah," their word is not accepted. Needless to say, their word is not accepted when they say that bread comes from presents to the poor. Instead, [such articles] should be tithed as demai is.

נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַשְּׂעוֹרָה שֶׁל אֹרֶז וְאֵין נֶאֱמָנִין עָלָיו בֵּין חַי בֵּין מְבֻשָּׁל. נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַפּוֹל וְאֵין נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַגְּרִיסִין בֵּין חַיִּין בֵּין מְבֻשָּׁלִין. נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַשֶּׁמֶן לוֹמַר שֶׁל מַעֲשַׂר עָנִי הוּא וְאֵין נֶאֱמָנִין לוֹמַר שֶׁל זֵיתֵי נִקּוּף הֵם. נֶאֱמָנִין עַל הַיָּרָק חַי וְלֹא מְבֻשָּׁל אֶלָּא אִם כֵּן הָיָה דָּבָר מֻעָט. שֶׁכֵּן דֶּרֶךְ בַּעֲלֵי בָּתִּים לִתֵּן מְעַט יָרָק מְבֻשָּׁל מִקְּדֵרָתוֹ לְעָנִי. וּמִתּוֹךְ שֶׁיָּכוֹל לוֹמַר הַבַּעַל הַבַּיִת נְתָנוֹ לִי יָכוֹל לוֹמַר אֲנִי בִּשַּׁלְתִּיו מִמַּתְּנוֹתַי:

Similarly, their word is accepted with regard to kernels of rice [while in their husks]. Their word is not accepted, however, with regard to husked kernels or cooked ones.)]. Our interpretation of the following clauses is also based on that source. Their word is accepted with regard to beans [in their kernels]. Their word is not accepted, however, with regard to raw, husked beans or cooked beans.Their word is accepted when they say that oil was from the tithe for the poor. Their word is not accepted, however, if they say it comes from leftover olives. Their word is accepted with regard to raw vegetables, but not with regard to cooked vegetables unless we are speaking about a small quantity. For it is customary for homeowners to give a poor person some vegetables from their pot. And since he can say: "A homeowner gave it to me," he can say: "I cooked it from the presents given me."; were he to have desired to lie, he could have chosen a more plausible falsehood.

וְכֵן בֶּן לֵוִי שֶׁאָמַר פֵּרוֹת אֵלּוּ מִמַּעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁנִּטְּלָה תְּרוּמָתוֹ הֵם הֲרֵי זֶה נֶאֱמָן לְעוֹלָם עַל תְּרוּמַת מַעֲשֵׂר כְּשֵׁם שֶׁיִּשְׂרָאֵל נֶאֱמָן עַל תְּרוּמָה גְּדוֹלָה. אֲבָל אֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן עָלָיו לְפָטְרוֹ מִמַּעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי:

Similarly, the word of a Levite who says: "This produce is from the first tithe from which terumah was separated" is always and the tithe for the poor concerning which the poor person's word is accepted only at certain times. accepted with regard to terumat ma'aser, from the tithes that he was given. just as the word of an Israelite is always accepted with regard to the great terumah. [The Levite's. word] is not accepted, however, with regard to exempting [the grain] from the second tithe. and the Levite states that the produce has been tithed and also the second tithe has been separated, the Levites word is not accepted. Although an Israelite's word is accepted regarding the second tithe when we see that he has separated the first tithe (Halachah 5), this does not hold true for a Levite. The rationale is that an Israelite makes a sacrifice when separating the first tithe, but a Levite does not.

אֵין כָּל הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלּוּ אֲמוּרִין אֶלָּא בְּעַם הָאָרֶץ שֶׁאֵינוֹ לֹא חָשׁוּד וְלֹא נֶאֱמָן. אֲבָל מִי שֶׁהוּא חָשׁוּד לִמְכֹּר תְּרוּמָה לְשֵׁם חֻלִּין אָסוּר לִקַּח מִמֶּנּוּ כְּלָל דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ בּוֹ זִקַּת תְּרוּמָה וּמַעֲשֵׂר אֲפִלּוּ קִרְבֵי דָּגִים מִפְּנֵי שֶׁנּוֹתְנִין בָּהֶם שֶׁמֶן. וְאֵין אָסוּר אֶלָּא כָּל שֶׁלְּפָנָיו. אֲבָל אֲצָרוֹ מֻתָּר לִקַּח מִמֶּנּוּ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מִתְיָרֵא לְעָרֵב תְּרוּמָה בְּאוֹצָרוֹ שֶׁמָּא יִוָּדַע הַדָּבָר וְיַפְסִיד הַכּל. וְכֵן הֶחָשׁוּד לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֵׁנִי לְמָכְרָן לְשֵׁם חֻלִּין אֵין לוֹקְחִין מִמֶּנּוּ דָּבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ עָלָיו זִקַּת מַעֲשֵׂר. וְכָל זֶה קְנָס מִדִּבְרֵיהֶם:

All of the above 8:14. applies with regard to a common person who is neither suspect [to violate these prohibitions], nor trustworthy [in their observance]. If, however, someone is suspected of selling terumah as ordinary produce, it is forbidden to purchase anything from him that has a connection to terumah and the tithes. was mixed with the produce, the prohibition is much more severe. Even the intestines of fish [may not be purchased from him] because oil is mixed with them. or mixed with terumah. It is, however, only forbidden to purchase the produce that is being sold by such a person at that time. It is, by contrast, permitted to purchase from his storehouse, because he will fear to mix terumah into his stores [of produce], lest the matter become known and he lose everything.Similarly, it is forbidden to purchase anything that has a connection to tithes from a person who is suspect of selling the second tithe as ordinary produce. All of this is a penalty [imposed] by Rabbinic decree.

חָשׁוּד שֶׁהֵעִיד עַל שֶׁל אֲחֵרִים נֶאֱמָן. חֲזָקָה אֵין אָדָם חוֹטֵא וְלֹא לוֹ. וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר עַם הָאָרֶץ. לְפִיכָךְ עַם הָאָרֶץ שֶׁאָמַר זֶה טֶבֶל וְזֶה תְּרוּמָה זֶה וַדַּאי וְזֶה דְּמַאי אֲפִלּוּ בְּשֶׁלּוֹ נֶאֱמָן. אָמַר אֵלּוּ פֵּרוֹת מְתֻקָּנִין בְּשֶׁל אֲחֵרִים נֶאֱמָן וְהוּא שֶׁלֹּא יֵרָאוּ כְּעוֹשֶׂה קְנוּנְיָא כְּמוֹ שֶׁבֵּאַרְנוּ:

When a person who is suspect to transgress attests [to the tithes being separated from produce] belonging to another person, his word is accepted. support the Rambam's view. [The rationale is that we operate] under the presumption that a person will not sin without receiving any benefit. Needless to say, this applies with regard to a common person. Therefore, if a common person says: "[This produce] is tevel and this is terumah. This is definitely untithed and this is demai," his word is accepted, even with regard to his own produce. If he said: "The required separations have been made from this produce," his word is accepted with regard to the produce of others provided it does not appear that they are acting in collusion, as we explained.

הַמּוֹכֵר פֵּרוֹת לַחֲבֵרוֹ וְאַחַר שֶׁיָּצְאוּ מִתַּחַת יָדוֹ אָמַר לַלּוֹקֵחַ פֵּרוֹת שֶׁמָּכַרְתִּי לְךָ טְבָלִים הֵן. הַבָּשָׂר בְּשַׂר בְּכוֹר הָיָה. הַיַּיִן יֵין נֶסֶךְ. שׁוּרַת הַדִּין שֶׁאֵינוֹ נֶאֱמָן אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה הַמּוֹכֵר חָבֵר וְהַזָּרִיז מַחֲמִיר עַל עַצְמוֹ. וְאִם הֶאֱמִינוֹ הֲרֵי זֶה מְשֻׁבָּח אֲפִלּוּ הָיָה הַמּוֹכֵר עַם הָאָרֶץ:

When a person sells produce to a colleague and, after the produce leaves his hand, he tells the purchaser: "The produce I sold you is tevel. The meat is meat from a firstborn animal. And the wine is wine that was poured as a libation to a false deity. The letter of the law dictates that the seller's word should not be accepted, even if he is a chavair. or not. A person who is eager should be stringent with himself. If he accepts his word, [his conduct] is praiseworthy, even if [the seller] is a common person.