Mishneh Torah — Tithes (Ma'aserot) הלכות מעשרות, Chapter 3

פֵּרוֹת שֶׁהִגִּיעוּ לְעוֹנַת הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת וְנִתְלְשׁוּ וַעֲדַיִן לֹא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן כְּגוֹן תְּבוּאָה שֶׁקְּצָרָהּ וְדָשָׁהּ וַעֲדַיִן לֹא זָרָה אוֹתָהּ וְלֹא מֵרְחָהּ מֻתָּר לֶאֱכל מֵהֶן אֲכִילַת עַרְאַי עַד שֶׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן. וּמִשֶּׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן אָסוּר לֶאֱכל מֵהֶן עַרְאַי:

When produce has reached the "phase of tithing," it was detached [from the earth], but the work preparing it was not completed, e.g., grain that he harvested and threshed, but [the reaper] did not winnow it or straighten the grain pile, he may partake of it as a snack 31a). [without tithing] until those tasks are completed. Once those tasks are completed, it is forbidden to partake of it as a snack [without tithing].

בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּגוֹמֵר פֵּרוֹתָיו לְמָכְרָן בַּשּׁוּק. אֲבָל אִם הָיְתָה כַּוָּנָתוֹ לְהוֹלִיכָן בַּבַּיִת הֲרֵי זֶה מֻתָּר לֶאֱכל מֵהֶן עַרְאַי אַחַר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן עַד שֶׁיִּקָּבְעוּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר:

When does the above apply? When one is completing the work [necessary to prepare] the produce to be sold in the market place. If, however, his intent was to bring it to his home, 1:5)].The Ra'avad differs with the Rambam's ruling, maintaining that since the Torah mentions grain from the grainheap and wine from the vat, the obligation to tithe these types of produces takes effect when they are in the grainheap and the vat. The Radbaz and the Kessef Mishneh support the Rambam's ruling and it is cited as halachah by the Shulchan Aruch (Yoreh De'ah 331:82). he may partake of it as a snack [even] after the work involving it is completed until a situation occurs which obligates the separation of tithes.

אֶחָד מִשִּׁשָּׁה דְּבָרִים קוֹבֵעַ הַפֵּרוֹת לְמַעַשְׂרוֹת. הֶחָצֵר. וְהַמִּקָּח. וְהָאֵשׁ. וְהַמֶּלַח. וְהַתְּרוּמָה. וְהַשַּׁבָּת. וְכֻלָּן אֵין קוֹבְעִין אֶלָּא בְּדָבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתּוֹ:

Six situations 4:1). According to the Rambam, that act is including in salting, because he interprets the mishnah as meaning pickling in brine (see his Commentary to the Mishnah). It is, nevertheless, difficult why the mishnah mentions salting and pickling as separate activities. Note, however, Chapter 5, Halachah 14, which could also be interpreted as referring to pickling in vinegar. obligate the separation of tithes from produce: [bringing it into] a courtyard, a transaction, [subjecting it to] fire, salting it,:18. separating terumah,:19. and [the commencement of] the Sabbath.:20. These situations require the separation of tithes only when the work necessary to prepare the produce has been completed.

כֵּיצַד. פֵּרוֹת שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ לְהוֹלִיכָן לַבַּיִת אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן אוֹכֵל מֵהֶן אֲכִילַת עַרְאַי עַד שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לַבַּיִת. נִכְנְסוּ לַבַּיִת נִקְבְּעוּ לְמַעַשְׂרוֹת וְאָסוּר לֶאֱכל מֵהֶן עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. וְכֵן אִם מְכָרָן אוֹ בִּשְּׁלָן בְּאוּר אוֹ כְּבָשָׁן בְּמֶלַח אוֹ הִפְרִישׁ מֵהֶן תְּרוּמָה אוֹ נִכְנְסָה שַׁבָּת עֲלֵיהֶם לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הִגִּיעוּ לַבַּיִת. הִכְנִיסָן לַבַּיִת קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹכֵל מֵהֶן עַרְאַי. הִתְחִיל לִגְמֹר מְלַאכְתָּן מֵאַחַר שֶׁנִּכְנְסוּ לַבַּיִת חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר הַכּל. כֵּיצַד. הִכְנִיס קִשּׁוּאִין וְדִילוּעִין לַבַּיִת קֹדֶם שֶׁיְּשַׁפְשֵׁף מִשֶּׁיַּתְחִיל לְשַׁפְשֵׁף אַחַת נִקְבְּעוּ הַכּל לְמַעֲשֵׂר. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה. וְכֵן הַתּוֹרֵם פֵּרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן מֻתָּר לֶאֱכל מֵהֶן עַרְאַי. חוּץ מִכַּלְכָּלַת תְּאֵנִים שֶׁאִם תְּרָמָהּ קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּגְמֹר מְלַאכְתָּן נִקְבְּעָה לְמַעֲשֵׂר:

What is implied? One may eat a snack from produce which he intends to bring home [without tithing], even though the work necessary to prepare it has been completed until he enters his home. Once he enters his home, the obligation to separate tithes takes effect and he is forbidden to partake of it until he tithes it.Similarly, if he sold it, cooked it by fire, pickled it in salt, separated terumah from it, or the Sabbath commenced, he may not partake of it until he separates the tithes even though it has not reached the house.If he brought the produce into his home before he completed the work associated with it, he may continue to snack from it. If he began to complete the work associated with its completion, he is obligated to tithe the entire amount.What is implied? A person brought zucchini and squash home before he rubbed them [to remove the hairs on their surface]. Once he begins rubbing one of them, he is obligated to tithe all of them. Similar laws apply in all analogous situations.Similarly, when one separates terumah from produce for which all the tasks necessary to prepare it have not been completed, it is permitted to snack from them with the exception of a basket of figs. 2:4), does the Rambam explain why figs are singled out from other fruit. The Radbaz quotes the gloss of Rabbenu Shimshon as stating that the intent is not only figs, but all fruit that is set aside for drying. Even though one's original intent is that the fruit be dried, since it is home and it is in a basket, it may be served at any time. Therefore, it is necessary to tithe it. If one separates terumah from them before the work associated with preparing them is finished, the obligation to tithe takes effect.

הַמֵּבִיא לְבַיִת סֻכֵּי תְּאֵנָה וּבָהֶם תְּאֵנִים. מִכְבְּדֵי תְּמָרָה וּבָהֶם תְּמָרִים. אִם הִכְנִיסוּם תִּינוֹקוֹת אוֹ פּוֹעֲלִים לֹא נִקְבְּעוּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר. וְאִם הִכְנִיסָן בַּעַל הַבַּיִת חַיָּב בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. הִכְנִיס שִׁבֳּלִים לַעֲשׂוֹת מֵהֶן עִסָּה לֹא נִקְבְּעוּ. לְאָכְלָן מְלִילוֹת נִקְבְּעוּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בִּתְבוּאָה. אֲבָל בְּקִטְנִיּוֹת לֹא נִקְבְּעוּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר:

[The following laws apply if] fig-branches to which figs were still attached or date fronds to which dates were still attached were brought home. If children or workers brought them [to a person's home], the obligation to tithe does not yet take effect. If the owner of the home brought them, he is obligated to tithe them.If he brought in stalks of grain to make dough, the obligation to tithe does not take effect. If he intended to eat them as kernels, it does take effect. When does the above apply? With regard to grain. With regard to legumes, the obligation to tithe does not take effect [in that instance].

מֻתָּר לְהַעֲרִים עַל הַתְּבוּאָה לְהַכְנִיסָהּ בְּמוֹץ כְּדֵי שֶׁתִּהְיֶה בְּהֶמְתּוֹ אוֹכֶלֶת וּפְטוּרָה מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. וְזוֹרֶה מְעַט מְעַט אַחַר שֶׁהִכְנִיס לְבֵיתוֹ וּפָטוּר לְעוֹלָם מִן הַתְּרוּמָה וּמִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת שֶׁהֲרֵי אֵינוֹ מַתְחִיל לִגְמֹר הַכּל:

It is permitted to be crafty and bring [grain that has been harvested] into one's home while it still has its outer shell so that one's livestock can partake of it). and thus it is exempt from tithes. One may then winnow a small portion of it after it has been brought into one's home. 331:114). He is thus exempt from [the obligation to separate] terumah and tithes forever, since he has not begun to complete [the tasks necessary to prepare] the entire [harvest].

הַגּוֹמֵר פֵּרוֹתָיו שֶׁל חֲבֵרוֹ שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ וְכֵן הַקּוֹבֵעַ פֵּרוֹתָיו בְּאֶחָד מִן הַשִּׁשָּׁה דְּבָרִים שֶׁקּוֹבְעִים לְמַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁלֹּא מִדַּעְתּוֹ הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ טָבְלוּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר:

When a person completes the task necessary to process a colleague's produce without his knowledge or he brings the produce to one of the six situations that establish an obligation to tithe without [the owner's] knowledge, [this produce] incurs the obligation to be tithed.

אֵי זֶהוּ גְּמַר מְלַאכְתָּן שֶׁל פֵּרוֹת. הַקִּשּׁוּאִין וְהַדִּילוּעִין וְהָאֲבַטִּיחִין מִשֶּׁיְּשַׁפְשֵׁף בְּיָדוֹ וְיָסִיר הַצִּהוּב שֶׁעֲלֵיהֶן כְּמוֹ שֵׂעָר דַּק. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מְשַׁפְשֵׁף מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. וּבַאֲבַטִּיחַ מִשֶּׁיַּסְדִּיר אוֹתוֹ בְּמֻקְצֶה אֲבַטִּיחַ בְּצַד אֲבַטִּיחַ. הָיָה מְשַׁפְשֵׁף אַחַת אַחַת כֵּיוָן שֶׁגָּמַר כָּל צָרְכּוֹ נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן. וְתוֹרְמִין קִשּׁוּאִין וְדִילוּעִין אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא הֵסִיר הַצִּהוּב מֵעֲלֵיהֶן:

What is meant by completing the work associated with produce? For zucchini, squash, and watermelon, it is when one rubs them with his hands and removes the golden hairs upon them. If he does not rub them, it is when he makes a pile. For a watermelon, it is when he arranges them in a designated place, one watermelon next to another. If one rubs the fruit one by one, when he completed [rubbing] all that he needed, that [specific produce] is considered as if the tasks necessary to prepare it were completed. note that in Halachah 4, the Rambam states that as soon as he rubs the hair off one fruit or vegetable, the entire quantity is required to be tithed, while in this halachah, he states that only those he seeks to use immediately must be tithed. Among the resolutions they offer are:a) in Halachah 4, the person's intent is to prepare the entire quantity of produce. Therefore, as soon as he begins, that entire quantity must be tithed. Here, he only desires to prepare a limited quantity. Hence, it is only the quantity that he actually prepares that must be tithed.b) Halachah 4 speaks about an instance when he prepares them in his home, while this halachah speaks about preparing them in the field to bring home. We may separate terumah from zucchini and squash even though the hairs have not been removed from it., he also means the separation of the tithes, because it is unfeasible to think that terumah should be separated but not the tithes.

הַיָּרָק הַנֶּאֱגָד מִשֶּׁיֶּאֱגֹד. אִם אֵינוֹ אוֹגֵד מִשֶּׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. [אִם] אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא הֲרֵי זֶה אוֹכֵל עַרְאַי עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ:

For vegetables that are [sold while] bound together, it is when they are bound together. If the vegetables are not bound together, it is when the container is full. If he does not fill the container, he may snack from the produce until he gathers all that he needs.

כַּלְכָּלָה מִשֶּׁיְּחַפֶּה הַפֵּרוֹת שֶׁבָּהּ בְּעָלִים וּבְהוּצִין וְכַיּוֹצֵא בָּהֶן. אִם אֵינוֹ מְחַפֶּה מִשֶּׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת הַכְּלִי. אִם אֵינוֹ מְמַלֵּא עַד שֶׁיְּלַקֵּט כָּל צָרְכּוֹ:

For a basket [of produce], it is when the produce will be covered by leaves, straw, and the like. 1:5), it appears that after reapers would gather fruit, they would cover it with leaves or straw to protect it from the sun. If he does not cover it, it is when the container is full. If he does not fill the container, it is when he gathers all that he needs.

כְּלִי גָּדוֹל שֶׁדַּעְתּוֹ לְמַלְּאוֹת אֶת חֶצְיוֹ כֵּיוָן שֶׁמִּלֵּא חֶצְיוֹ נִטְבַּל. הָיָה בְּדַעְתּוֹ לְמַלְּאוֹת אֶת כֻּלּוֹ אֵינוֹ נִטְבָּל עַד שֶׁיְּמַלֵּא אֶת כֻּלּוֹ. הָיוּ שְׁנַיִם וּבְדַעְתּוֹ לְמַלְּאוֹת אֶת שְׁנֵיהֶם לֹא נִטְבְּלוּ עַד שֶׁיְּמַלֵּא שְׁנֵיהֶם:

[When a person is gathering produce] in a large container, but he desires to fill only a portion of it, once he fills that portion, [the produce] must be tithed. If he intends to fill the entire container, [the produce is] not required to be tithed until he fills the entire container. If he has two containers and desires to fill both of them, [the produce is] not required to be tithed until he fills both of them.

אָגַד הַיָּרָק אֶגֶד גָּדוֹל בַּשָּׂדֶה אַף עַל פִּי שֶּׁבְּדַעְתּוֹ לְאָגְדוֹ אֲגֻדּוֹת קְטַנּוֹת לַשּׁוּק הֲרֵי זֶה נִטְבָּל. הַפֶּרֶד וְהַצִּמּוּקִין וְהֶחָרוּבִין מִשֶּׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה בְּרֹאשׁ גַּגּוֹ. וְהַבְּצָלִים מִשֶּׁיָּסִיר הֶעָלִים וְהַקְּלִפּוֹת שֶׁדַּרְכּוֹ לְהַשְׁלִיכָם מֵעֲלֵיהֶן. וְאִם אֵינוֹ מֵסִיר עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה:

When a person made a large weave of vegetables in the field, the obligation to tithe takes effect even though he intended to [undo the larger weave and] make a smaller weave for the marketplace.Dried pomegranate seeds, raisins, and carobs, [become obligated to be tithed] when a person sets up a pile on top of his roof. Onions [become obligated] when one removes the leaves and shells that he would generally discard. If he does not remove them, [there is no obligation to tithe the onions], until one stores them in a pile.

הַתְּבוּאָה מִשֶּׁיְּמַרֵחַ. וְאֵי זֶהוּ מְמָרֵחַ זֶה הַמְיַפֶּה פְּנֵי הַכְּרִי שֶׁל תְּבוּאָה בְּרַחַת בְּסוֹף כָּל דָּבָר כְּדֶרֶךְ שֶׁעוֹשִׂין כְּשֶׁגּוֹמְרִין כָּל מַעֲשֶׂיהָ. אִם אֵינוֹ מְמָרֵחַ עַד שֶׁיַּעֲמִיד עֲרֵמָה. הַקִּטְנִיּוֹת מִשֶּׁיִּכְבֹּר וְנוֹטֵל מִתַּחַת הַכְּבָרָה וְאוֹכֵל. [אִם] אֵינוֹ כּוֹבֵר עַד שֶׁיְּמַרֵחַ. וְאַף עַל פִּי שֶׁמֵּרֵחַ מֻתָּר לִטּל מִן הַקּוּטְעִים וּמִן הַצְּדָדִין וּמִמַּה שֶּׁבְּתוֹךְ הַתֶּבֶן וְאוֹכֵל:

Grain [becomes obligated] when one is mimareach it. What is meant by mimareach? When one straightens the surface of the grainheap with a pitchfork at the conclusion of the entire process, as one would do when he concludes all his work. 1:6). If a person is not mimareach, [the obligation takes effect], when he makes a pile.Legumes [become obligated] when one sifts them and takes them from under the sifter and partakes of them. If he does not sift them, [the obligation takes effect when] he is mimareach.Even though he is mimareach, it is permitted to take from the scattered stalks, 1:6). those on the side, and the kernels that are in the straw, and partake of them.

הַיַּיִן מִשֶּׁיַּנִּיחֶנּוּ בֶּחָבִיּוֹת וְיִשְׁלֶה הַזַּגִּין וְהַחֲרְצָנִין מֵעַל פִּי הֶחָבִית. אֲבָל כְּשֶׁהוּא בְּתוֹךְ הַבּוֹר כְּשֶׁיַּגְבִּיהֶנּוּ לְהַעֲמִידוֹ בֶּחָבִית שׁוֹתֶה עַרְאַי וְקוֹלֵט מִן הַגַּת הָעֶלְיוֹנָה וּמִן הַצִּנּוֹר וּמִכָּל מָקוֹם וְשׁוֹתֶה:

Wine [becomes obligated] when it is stored in a barrel and the peels and seeds are removed from the top of the barrel. When, however, it is in the vat and one takes out some to put it in a barrel, one may drink from it casually. states that when one takes the wine before it reaches the storage vat, one may drink from it without tithing even though he removes the peels and seeds. Similarly, he may collect [wine] from the upper vat,:7). from a conduit, or from any place and drink it [without tithing].

הַשֶּׁמֶן מִשֶּׁיֵּרֵד לַעוּקָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁיָּרַד נוֹטֵל מִן הָעֵקֶל וּמִן הַמֶּמֶל וּמִבֵּין הַפַּסִּין וְנוֹתֵן לִקְעָרָה קְטַנָּה וּלְתַמְחוּי לְתוֹךְ הַתַּבְשִׁיל אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא חַם מִפְּנֵי שֶׁאֵינוֹ מִתְבַּשֵּׁל בִּכְלִי שֵׁנִי. וְאִם הָיָה חַם בְּיוֹתֵר כְּדֵי שֶׁיִּכְוֶה אֶת הַיָּד לֹא יִתֵּן לְתוֹכוֹ מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מִתְבַּשֵּׁל:

Oil [becomes obligated] when it descends to the vat.). Even though it has descended, one may take from the rope basket,), the Rambam explains that a basket was made of ropes and olives were placed within. Afterwards, they would press the olives in that basket. The translation of the two terms that follow are also from the same source. the stone [used to grind the olives], the boards or stones of the olive press. One may place [untithed] oil into cooked food in a small dish or a large pot even though [the food] is hot, because it will not cook in a secondary vessel. If [the food] was very hot, so much so that one's hand would burn, he should not put [untithed oil] into it, because it will be cooked. 40b). Alternatively, the laws of cooking are different with regard to the establishment of an obligation to tithe than with regard to the Sabbath laws or the laws of Kashrut. In this instance, when a secondary vessel is very hot, it can be considered as having cooked.

הָעִגּוּל שֶׁל דְּבֵלָה מִשֶּׁיַחְלִקֶּנּוּ. הַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת מִשֶּׁיָּדוּשׁ. וְאִם הִכְנִיסָם לִמְגוּרָה מִשֶּׁיַּעֲגִיל בְּיָדוֹ עַל פִּי הַמְּגוּרָה. הָיָה דָּשׁ הַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת בְּחָבִית אוֹ הָעִגּוּל עַל פִּי הַמְּגוּרָה [נִשְׁבְּרָה הֶחָבִית אוֹ שֶׁנִּפְתְּחָה הַמְּגוּרָה] הֲרֵי זֶה לֹא יֹאכַל עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר:

A cake of dried figs [becomes obligated] when it is smoothed. Dried figs [become obligated] when they become crushed [into the container in which they will be stored]. 1:8). If they were placed in a storage container, [they become obligated] when one smoothes out the surface of the storage container by hand. If one was crushing dried figs into a jug or into a cake at the opening of a storage container and the jug becomes broken or the storage container is opened, he should not partake of [the figs] until they are tithed.

תְּאֵנִים וַעֲנָבִים שֶׁבַּמֻּקְצֶה מֻתָּר לֶאֱכל מֵהֶן עַרְאַי בִּמְקוֹמָן. אֲבָל אִם נָטַל מִן הַמֻּקְצֶה וְהוֹלִיךְ לְמָקוֹם אַחֵר לֹא יֹאכַל מֵהֶן עַרְאַי שֶׁהֲרֵי נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא יָבְשׁוּ כָּל צָרְכָּן:

When figs and grapes have been set aside [to dry], it is permitted to snack from them in the place where they were set aside. If, however, he took some from the place where they were set aside, he should not snack from them, because the tasks involved [in their preparation] have been completed, even though they have not dried out totally.

הֶחָרוּבִין עַד שֶׁלֹּא כִּנְּסָן לְרֹאשׁ הַגַּג מוֹרִיד מֵהֶן לִבְהֵמָה וּפָטוּר. מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהוּא מַחֲזִיר אֶת הַמּוֹתָר לְיַבְּשׁוֹ וְנִמְצָא מַאֲכִיל עַרְאַי:

Carobs [become obligated] when he collects them on top of the roof to dry. He may take some down [from the roof] for fodder for his livestock. He is exempt [from tithing], because he will put back what is left over. He is thus using it as fodder as a temporary measure.

מַעֲשֵׂר רִאשׁוֹן שֶׁהִקְדִּימוּ בְּשִׁבֳּלִים אָסוּר לֶאֱכל מִמֶּנּוּ עַרְאַי קֹדֶם שֶׁיַּפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמָתוֹ וְאִם אָכַל מַכִּין אוֹתוֹ מַכַּת מַרְדּוּת. כֵּיצַד הִיא אֲכִילַת עַרְאַי. כְּגוֹן שֶׁהָיָה מְקַלֵּף שְׂעוֹרִים וְאוֹכֵל מְקַלֵּף אַחַת אַחַת. וְאִם קִלֵּף וְכָנַס לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר. הָיָה מוֹלֵל מְלִילוֹת שֶׁל חִטִּים מְנַפֶּה מִיָּד לְיָד וְאוֹכֵל. וְאִם נִפָּה לְתוֹךְ חֵיקוֹ חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר וְאֵין צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר אִם נִפָּה בִּכְלִי שֶׁאֵין זֶה עַרְאַי. וְכֵן נוֹטֵל מִן הַיַּיִן וְנוֹתֵן לִקְעָרָה לְתוֹךְ תַּבְשִׁיל צוֹנֵן וְאוֹכֵל. אֲבָל לֹא לְתוֹךְ הַקְּדֵרָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהִיא צוֹנֶנֶת מִפְּנֵי שֶׁהִיא כְּבוֹר קָטָן. וְכֵן סוֹחֵט זֵיתִים עַל בְּשָׂרוֹ אֲבָל לֹא לְתוֹךְ יָדוֹ. וְכֵן כָּל כַּיּוֹצֵא בָּזֶה:

When a person separated the first tithe while the produce was still in stalks, it is forbidden to partake of it until terumat ma'aser is separated from it.. See Hilchot Terumot 3:13. If he partook of it, he is given stripes for rebellious conduct.What is meant by partaking of food as a snack? If a person was peeling barley kernels and eating them, he may peel them one by one. If he peeled several and held them in his hand, he is required to tithe them. If he was crushing the shells of wheat kernels, he may sift the chaff from hand to hand and partake of them. If he sifted them into his bosom, he is required to tithe them. Needless to say, if he sifted them with a utensil, [he is required to tithe them], for this is not a temporary measure.Similarly, one may take wine and put it into a cold cooked dish in a bowl and partake of it. One may not, by contrast, put it into a pot even if it was cold, because it is considered like a small cistern. Similarly, one may squeeze olives onto his skin [without tithing], but not into his hand. Similar laws apply in all analogous situations.

וּכְשֵׁם שֶׁמֻּתָּר לֶאֱכל עַרְאַי מִפֵּרוֹת שֶׁלֹּא נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן כָּךְ מֻתָּר לְהַאֲכִיל מֵהֶן לְחַיָּה וְלִבְהֵמָה וְלָעוֹפוֹת כָּל מַה שֶּׁיִּרְצֶה וּמַפְקִיר מֵהֶן כָּל מַה שֶּׁיִּרְצֶה קֹדֶם שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. וְאִם גָּמְרוּ אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁלֹּא נִקְבְּעוּ לְמַעֲשֵׂר לֹא יַפְקִיר. וְלֹא יַאֲכִיל לִבְהֵמָה וּלְחַיָּה וּלְעוֹפוֹת אֲכִילַת קֶבַע עַד שֶׁיְּעַשֵּׂר. וּמֻתָּר לְהַאֲכִיל לִבְהֵמָה עַרְאַי מִן הַטֶּבֶל וַאֲפִלּוּ בְּתוֹךְ הַבַּיִת. וּמַאֲכִיל פְּקִיעֵי עָמִיר עַד שֶׁיַּעֲשֵׂם חֲבִילוֹת:

Just as it is permitted to partake of produce as a snack when the work [involved in its preparation] has not been completed, so too, it is permitted to feed such produce to animals, livestock, and fowl as one desires. Similarly, one may declare as much of this produce ownerless as he desires.If he completed those tasks, even when the obligation to tithe was not established, he may not declare the produce ownerless, nor may he feed it to livestock, animals, and fowl in a significant manner until he tithes it. It is permitted to feed an animal tevel in an insignificant manner, even in one's home. 1:6) which quotes Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar as stating that once produce is brought into a person's courtyard (i.e., his residence), it cannot be fed to an animal without tithing. The Radbaz explains that according to the Rambam, our Sages differ with Rabbi Shimon ben Elazar on this point and do not require tithing. The rationale is that since the entire obligation to tithe animal fodder is Rabbinic in origin, this obligation was instituted only when the animal was fed a significant amount. One can feed [an animal] rolls of chilba. Generally, amir is translated as "straw." In this instance, we have facored this translation, because straw is not found for humans. until one bundles them as packages. is occasionally used as food for humans, it is primarily considered as animal fodder.

הַמּוֹצֵא קְצִיצוֹת בַּדֶּרֶךְ אֲפִלּוּ בְּצַד שְׂדֵה קְצִיצוֹת הֲרֵי אֵלּוּ פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעֲשֵׂר. מָצָא גְּרוֹגָרוֹת אִם דָּרְסוּ רֹב הַגְּרוֹגָרוֹת רֹב הָאָדָם חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר. שֶׁחֶזְקָתָן מִדָּבָר שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן. וְכֵן אִם מָצָא פִּלְחֵי דְּבֵלָה שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁהֵם מִדָּבָר הַגָּמוּר:

When a person discovers fruits 3:4). There he explains that the term ketzitzot refers to "individual fruits that have been detached from any species of fruit." Often, the term is used to refer to fresh figs. on the road - even if he finds them next to an orchard of that fruit - they are exempt from the tithes. When one found dried figs, if most people already crushed their dried figs [into larger masses], he is obligated to tithe [what he found], for we assume that it came from produce for which the work involved in its preparation was completed. Similarly, if he found broken pieces of cakes of dried figs, it should be considered as if they came from produce for which the work involved in its preparation was completed.

מָצָא כְּרִיכוֹת בִּרְשׁוּת הַיָּחִיד חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר. בִּרְשׁוּת הָרַבִּים פְּטוּרוֹת. וְהָאֲלֻמּוֹת בְּכָל מָקוֹם חַיָּבוֹת בְּמַעֲשֵׂר. מָצָא תְּבוּאָה מְרוּחָה עוֹשֶׂה תְּרוּמוֹת וּמַעַשְׂרוֹת עַל פֵּרוֹת אֲחֵרוֹת וְאֵינוֹ חוֹשֵׁשׁ. מָצָא כַּלְכָּלָה מְחֻפָּה חַיֶּבֶת בְּמַעַשְׂרוֹת. מָצָא כַּלְכָּלָה בְּמָקוֹם שֶׁהָרֹב מַכְנִיסִין לַשּׁוּק אָסוּר לֶאֱכל מִמֶּנָּה עַרְאַי וּמְתַקְּנָהּ דְּמַאי. וּבְמָקוֹם שֶׁהָרֹב מַכְנִיסִין לַבָּתִּים אוֹכֵל מִמֶּנָּה עַרְאַי וּמְתַקְּנָהּ וַדַּאי. מֶחֱצָה לְמֶחֱצָה דְּמַאי. וְאִם הִכְנִיסָהּ לַבַּיִת מְתַקְּנָהּ וַדַּאי. בַּמֶּה דְּבָרִים אֲמוּרִים בְּדָבָר שֶׁאֵין לוֹ גְּמַר מְלָאכָה. אֲבָל בְּדָבָר שֶׁיֵּשׁ לוֹ גְּמַר מְלָאכָה אַף עַל פִּי שֶׁהוּא מַעֲשֵׂר וַדַּאי אֵינוֹ צָרִיךְ לְהַפְרִישׁ תְּרוּמָה. שֶׁחֶזְקָתָן שֶׁהִפְרִישׁ מֵהֶן תְּרוּמָה בְּשָׁעָה שֶׁנִּגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן:

When a person finds sheaves of wheat in a private domain, he is obligated to tithe them. 15:8-10), because the owners will not despair of their recovery. Hence, they are not considered as ownerless and must be tithed. See also Hilchot Terumot 4:11. [If he finds them] in the public domain, they are exempt. Larger sheaves are required to be tithed wherever they are found.If one finds [bundles of] grain that have been straightened, one may separate them as terumah 3:3), we must assume the intent is terumat ma'aser, for once grain has been moved from its original grainheap, we assume that terumah was separated. and tithes for other produce. if these separations have already been made from it, we are not concerned that perhaps that has happened as the Rambam continues to explain. One need not be concerned [that the owners separated tithes for this produce already].[If one finds a] basket [of fruit] that is covered, he is required to tithe it. If he finds a basket [of fruit] in a place where most people take it to the marketplace, he is forbidden to snack from it and he should make the appropriate separations as if it were demai., as explained in Chapter 9. [In a place where] most people bring it home, he may snack from it and he must certainly make the appropriate separations. and the tithes until the produce is brought home, we assume that none of the separations were made. If half [bring home] and half [bring to the marketplace], it is considered as demai. lest it not have been separated beforehand. If he brings it home, he must certainly make the appropriate separations.When does the above apply? With regard to a type of produce that does not have a specific phase at which the tasks associated with its preparation are completed. If, however, the produce does have a phase when the tasks associated with its preparation are completed, even though he must certainly separate tithes, he does not have to separate terumah. For we can assume that terumah was separated when those tasks were completed.

חַדְרֵי הַנְּמָלִים שֶׁלָּנוּ בְּצַד הָעֲרֵמָה הַחַיֶּבֶת הֲרֵי הַנִּמְצָא בָּהֶן חַיָּב לְמַעַשְׂרוֹת שֶׁיָּדוּעַ שֶׁמִּדָּבָר גָּמוּר הָיוּ גּוֹרְרִין כָּל הַלַּיְלָה:

When there are ant holes that existed overnight next to a pile of grain that is required to be tithed, the kernels found there are required to be tithed. For it is obvious that the ants have been taking from produce that was completely prepared throughout the night.

הַמּוֹצֵא זֵיתִים תַּחַת הַזַּיִת וְחָרוּבִין תַּחַת הֶחָרוּב חַיָּבִין בְּמַעֲשֵׂר שֶׁחֶזְקָתָן שֶׁמֵּאִילָן זֶה נָפְלוּ. מָצָא תְּאֵנִים תַּחַת הַתְּאֵנָה הֲרֵי הֵם סָפֵק שֶׁהֲרֵי מִשְׁתַּנּוֹת וּמִתְלַכְלְכוֹת בֶּעָפָר שֶׁמָּא מִתְּאֵנָה זוֹ נָפְלוּ אוֹ מִתְּאֵנִים שֶׁנִּתְעַשְּׂרוּ:

When a person finds olives under an olive tree or carobs under a carob tree, he is required to tithe them, for we assume that they fell from this tree. 21b, it appears that we are speaking about olives and carobs that resemble the olives and carobs on the trees. Hence, we assume that they fell from the tree and have not yet been tithed. See also the Rambam's Commentary to the Mishnah (Ma'aserot 3:4). Since the fruit has fallen under the tree and can be recognized as coming from the tree, the owner does not consider them ownerless and taking them is considered as theft. If he found figs under a fig tree, there is a doubt whether they fell from this tree or from figs that are already tithed, because their appearance changes and they become soiled with the dust. (ibid.).

הַמַּקְדִּישׁ פֵּרוֹת תְּלוּשִׁין וּפְדָאָן קֹדֶם שֶׁתִּגָּמֵר מְלַאכְתָּן חַיָּב לְעַשֵּׂר. וְאִם נִגְמְרָה מְלַאכְתָּן בְּיַד הַהֶקְדֵּשׁ וְאַחַר כָּךְ פְּדָאָן פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת שֶׁבִּשְׁעַת חוֹבָתָן הָיוּ פְּטוּרִין מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת. הַמַּקְדִּישׁ קָמָה לִמְנָחוֹת פְּטוּרָה מִן הַמַּעַשְׂרוֹת:

When a person consecrates produce that has been detached and redeems it before the tasks associated with its preparation are completed, one is obligated to tithe it. If [these tasks] were completed while [the crops ] were in the domain of the Temple treasury and then he redeemed them, they are exempt from tithes. 1:1) teaches that Deuteronomy 12:17 speaks of tithing "your grain." This can be understood as an exclusion, "your grain," i.e., that owned by a private person, and not that owned by the Temple treasury. When a person consecrated standing grain for meal offerings, it is exempt from the tithes.